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Folk and Popular Culture

Folk and Popular Culture. Chapter 4. Folk and Popular Culture. Key Issues: Where do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and Diffuse? Why is Folk Culture Clustered? Why is Popular Culture Widely Distributed? Why Does Globalization of Popular Culture Cause Problems?.

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Folk and Popular Culture

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  1. Folk and Popular Culture Chapter 4

  2. Folk and Popular Culture • Key Issues: • Where do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and Diffuse? • Why is Folk Culture Clustered? • Why is Popular Culture Widely Distributed? • Why Does Globalization of Popular Culture Cause Problems?

  3. Where do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and Diffuse? • What do we mean by ‘culture’? • The Origin of Folk and Popular Cultures • Origin of folk music • Origin of popular music • Diffusion of Folk and Popular Cultures • Diffusion of Amish Folk Culture • Diffusion of Popular Culture Through Sports

  4. What is Culture? • Culture • The body of material traits, customary beliefs, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people • Each cultural activity has a distinctive spatial distribution. • Geographers study the relations between material culture and the physical environment.

  5. What is Culture? • Daily necessities and leisure • Material culture deriving from the necessities of daily life • Culture involving leisure activities • Habit: A repetitive act that a particular individual performs • Custom: A repetitive act of a group • Material culture: A collection of social customs • Folk culture: Varies from place to place at a given time • Popular culture: Varies from time to time at a given place

  6. Characteristics of folk culture • Anonymous hearth(s) • Anonymous sources (originators) • Unknown dates • Diffuses slowly and on a small scale • Chiefly through migration • Little change

  7. Characteristics of popular culture • Found in large heterogeneous societies • Large territory as compared to folk culture • Usually product of developed countries • Rapid diffusion facilitated by technology • Changes rapidly and frequently

  8. Folk Music • Composed anonymously and transmitted orally • Contents derived from daily life • Travels via relocation diffusion

  9. Popular Music • Composed by specific individuals • Commercial purposes • Originated ~1800 • Tin Pan Alley • Rise of recorded music

  10. Differences between popular and folk culture • Popular culture • Consists of large masses of people who conform to and prescribe to ever-changing norms • Large heterogeneous groups • Often highly individualistic and groups are constantly changing • Pronounced division of labor leading to establishment of specialized professions

  11. Differences between popular and folk culture • Popular culture • Money based economy prevails • Replacing folk culture in industrialized countries and many developing nations • Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent • Item is more quickly or cheaply produced • Easier or time-saving to use • Lends prestige to owner

  12. Differences between popular and folk culture • Folk culture • Made up of people who maintain the traditional • Describes people who live in an old-fashioned way-simpler life-style • Rural, cohesive, conservative, largely self-sufficient group, homogeneous in custom • Strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals • Tradition is paramount — change comes infrequently and slowly

  13. Differences between popular and folk culture • Folk culture • Little specialization in labor though duties may vary between genders • Subsistence economy prevails • Individualism and social classes are weakly developed • In parts of the less-developed world, folk cultures remain common • Industrialized countries no longer have unaltered folk cultures

  14. Differences between popular and folk culture • Folk culture: The Amish in the United States • Perhaps the nearest modem equivalent in Anglo-America • German-American farming sect • Largely renounces products and labor-saving devices of the industrial age • Horse-drawn buggies still used, and faithful own no autos or appliances • Central religion concept of demut, ”humility,” reflects weakness of individualism and social class • Rarely marry outside their sect

  15. FOLK CULTURE : DISTRIBUTION OF THE AMISH

  16. Differences between popular and folk culture • Folk culture • Typically, bearers of folk culture combine folk and nonfolk elements in their lives • Includes both material and nonmaterial elements • Material culture includes all objects or “things” made and used by members of a cultural group—material elements are visible • Nomnaterial culture, including folklore, can be defined as oral, including the wide range of tales, songs, lore, beliefs, superstitions, and customs • Other aspects of nonmaterial culture include dialects, religions, and worldviews • Folk geography—defined as the study of the spatial patterns and ecology of folklife

  17. Soccer’s folk culture origins • Eleventh-century England • Denmark ~1018–1042 • “Kick the Dane’s Head” • Football Association, 1863

  18. Soccer as popular culture • Late 1800s diffused to continental Europe • Holland, 1870s • Spain, 1893 • Diffused via British imperial expansion • Russia, 1887

  19. Surviving folk sports • Cricket • Ice hockey • Wushu • Baseball • Football • Lacrosse

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