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Risk management of Power Systems

Risk management of Power Systems. Matias Alarotu Veerle De Ridder. Content. Introduction Objectives Nuclear power Coal Hydro power Wind energy Cases Comparison Conclusion. Introduction. Power systems essential to maintain our affluence

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Risk management of Power Systems

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  1. Risk management of Power Systems Matias Alarotu Veerle De Ridder

  2. Content • Introduction • Objectives • Nuclear power • Coal • Hydro power • Wind energy • Cases • Comparison • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • Power systems essential tomaintainouraffluence • Aspectstobetakenintoaccountwhenchoosing a power productionmethod • Geography • Natural resources • Risks • Impacts

  4. Objectives • Toidentifytherisksof different typesof power systems • To find out andassesstheconsequences • Tocompare different typesof power systems • Nuclear, coal, hydroand wind

  5. Nuclear power PossibleRisks • Meltdown • Explosion • Risk foremployees • Causedbyearthquakes, tsunamis, floods, shutdowns, …

  6. Nuclear power Consequences • Radiation • Cancer • Geneticdisease • Nausea • Death

  7. Nuclear power • Low probability • High impact • Effects in proportion to exposure • Safetymeasures are the highest concern

  8. Coal Power • Provides about 40 % of the world´s electricity • Largest coal power producers • China (46 %) • The United States (13 %) • India (9 %) • 76 % of the proposed new capacity in China and India

  9. Coal Power • Main contributorofgreenhouse gas emissions • Other emissions • Sulfur dioxide • Nitrogen oxides • Fine particulates • Additionally, coalincludes • Ash • Metals, otherelementsandtheircompounds • Lead, mercury, chromium, arsenic… • Radioactivecompounds

  10. RisksofCoal • Harmfulcompounds bind andaccumulate in ash duringtheburningprocess • Malfunctionsituations • Uncontrollableairemissions • Ash storagefailures • Spills tothenearbyenvironment • Exposuretoharmfulandtoxiccompounds

  11. Consequences - Humans • Fine particulates • Respiration problems • SO2 • Heart diseases, asthma • NOx • Destroylungtissue • Radioactivecompounds • Cancer • Heavy metals • Cancer, developmentaldisorder

  12. Consequences - Environment • Climatechange • Increasedprobabilityof extreme weatherphenomena • Localconsequences due to a spill • Contaminationofwatersupply • Contaminationofsoil • Damagetofloraandfauna

  13. Hydro Power • Represents 2,3 % of world´s energy supply • Largest producers China, Brazil, Canada and the United States • Together about 50 % of total production • Efficient power production • Low emissions

  14. RisksofHydro Power • Methodbased on storing large amountsofwater in a reservoir • Huge potential energybehind a dam • Accumulationofharmfulcompounds in a reservoir • Accidentsmayoccur due to • Improperconstructiontechniquesormaterials • Lack ofmaintenance • Extreme inflow • Human orcomputererror • Earthquake • Military operations

  15. Consequences • Uncontrollablespillofcontaminatedwater • Damagetofloraandfauna • Failureof a dam • Large flood • Covers large landareas • Destroyhomes, roads, railways, power lines… • Tensofthousandsofdirectcasualties • Hundredsofthousandsofcasualties due toepidemicsandfamine • Millionshomeless

  16. Wind Energy • A new and sustainableway to provide energy • Expensive to build • Cheap “fuel” • Unpredictable • A lot of spaceneeded

  17. Wind Energy Possiblerisks • Noise and visual impact • Black outs of the grid • Bladethrow Consequences • Physicalinjuries • Wind turbine syndrome

  18. Wind Energy • Low risk • Uncertaintyaboutnewtechniques • Efficiency is vulnerable

  19. Case studies • Fukushima • Banqiao Dam • TVA Kingston Fossil Plant

  20. Case study: Fukushima Japan, March 2011 • Earthquake (9 on Richters scale) • Tsunami (23 meters) • Nuclear power plant was aged • Bad decisions

  21. Case study: Banqiao Dam • FailureofBanqiao Reservoir Dam, Shimantan Reservoir Dam and 60 otherdams • China 1975 • Banqiao Dam • Designedtosurvive a 1-in-1000-years flood • About 530 mm rain in threedays • Shimantan Dam • Desingnedtosurvive a 1-in-500-years flood • About 480 mm rain in threedays

  22. Case study: Banqiao Dam • On August, 1975 a typhoonhitthearea • About 1000 mm in oneday • Bothdamscollapsed • A hugefloodflowedovertheland • 12 km wide • 6 m high • 600 millionm3 of water • Covered more than one million hectares of land

  23. Case study: Banqiao Dam • Consequences • Totally 11 millionpeoplewereaffected • 26 000 directcasualties • 150 000 casualties due toepidemicsandfamine

  24. Case study: TVA Kingston Fossil Plant • Coal-fired power plant ownedby Tennessee Valley Authority • A large spilloffly ash slurry on December, 2008 • Heavy rain duringthepreviousmonth • Coldweather --> Breakdown ofthe wall ofthecontainmentarea

  25. Case study: TVA Kingston Fossil Plant • Consequences • 4,1 millionm3 of hazardous waste spread to an area of 1,2 km2 • Covered homes, roadsand railways • Damaged gas and power lines • Significant damage to the surrounding area • Especially to the river basin • Countless amount of dead fishes • Contamination of water supply • Parts of the area remain contaminated for decades

  26. Comparison • Data • Decision Matrix • Graphs

  27. Comparison

  28. Comparison

  29. Comparison

  30. Decision Matrix

  31. Decision Matrix • Nuclear power: 2,625 • Coalpower: 2,40 • Hydro power: 2,55 • Wind power: 4,125 • Wind power clearlythebest • Low riskandlowimpacts • Nuclearandhydro power sufferfrom high riskandcost

  32. Conclusion • All the power systems include a risk • Trade-off among risk, economic, environmental and social advantages • Independent information hard to find • Lots of money used for lobbying

  33. Conclusions • Coal seems to be the worst choise • Still growing strongly • Risks of nuclear power very low • Still considered something to get rid of • In the statistics, hydro power suffers from some huge accidents • Wind energy has low impacts but also low capacities • Lacking of safety information

  34. References Anon., 2013. Openbaar onderzoek naar warmtekrachtcentrale Bayer Antwerpen. [Online] Available at: http://www.express.be/sectors/nl/energy/openbaar-onderzoek-naar-warmtekrachtcentrale-bayer-antwerpen/189504.htm[Geopend 5 december 2013]. Association of State Dam Safety Officials. [Online] Available at: http://www.damsafety.org/ (8 May 2014) Bernard L. Cohen, S., 2005. RISKS OF NUCLEAR POWER. [Online] Available at: http://www.umich.edu/~radinfo/introduction/np-risk.htm[Geopend 2 May 2014]. Dreesen, B., 2014. 'Buitenwereld blijft bij ongevallen in kerncentrales te lang in het ongewisse'. [Online] Available at: http://www.knack.be/nieuws/planet-earth/buitenwereld-blijft-bij-ongevallen-in-kerncentrales-te-lang-in-het-ongewisse/article-opinion-139849.html[Geopend 2 May 2014]. EIS, 2014. Wind Energy Basics. [Online] Available at: http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/[Geopend 6 May 2014]. Environmental Integrity Project, 2009. Kingston Coal Plant Released 2.6 Million Pounds of Arsenic, Nine Other Toxic Pollutants into Emory River in 2008 – More Than the Entire Water Pollution Output of All Other U.S. Power plants. [Online] Available at: http://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news_reports/news_12_08_09.php (8 May 2014) EQECAT, I., 2014. Wind Turbine Risk Assessment. [Online] Available at: http://www.eqecat.com/consulting/wind-turbine-risk-assessment/[Geopend 6 May 2014]. Halkema, i. J., 2009. Wind turbines: the whole truth.. [Online] Available at: http://www.windenergy-the-truth.com/zes.html[Geopend 6 May 2014]. Haneberg, B., 2014. How do scientists measure earthquakes?. [Online] Available at: http://tremor.nmt.edu/faq/how.html[Geopend 5 May 2014].

  35. References Anon., 2013. Openbaar onderzoek naar warmtekrachtcentrale Bayer Antwerpen. [Online] Available at: http://www.express.be/sectors/nl/energy/openbaar-onderzoek-naar-warmtekrachtcentrale-bayer-antwerpen/189504.htm[Geopend 5 december 2013]. Association of State Dam Safety Officials. [Online] Available at: http://www.damsafety.org/ (8 May 2014) Bernard L. Cohen, S., 2005. RISKS OF NUCLEAR POWER. [Online] Available at: http://www.umich.edu/~radinfo/introduction/np-risk.htm[Geopend 2 May 2014]. Dreesen, B., 2014. 'Buitenwereld blijft bij ongevallen in kerncentrales te lang in het ongewisse'. [Online] Available at: http://www.knack.be/nieuws/planet-earth/buitenwereld-blijft-bij-ongevallen-in-kerncentrales-te-lang-in-het-ongewisse/article-opinion-139849.html[Geopend 2 May 2014]. EIS, 2014. Wind Energy Basics. [Online] Available at: http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/[Geopend 6 May 2014]. Environmental Integrity Project, 2009. Kingston Coal Plant Released 2.6 Million Pounds of Arsenic, Nine Other Toxic Pollutants into Emory River in 2008 – More Than the Entire Water Pollution Output of All Other U.S. Power plants. [Online] Available at: http://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news_reports/news_12_08_09.php (8 May 2014) EQECAT, I., 2014. Wind Turbine Risk Assessment. [Online] Available at: http://www.eqecat.com/consulting/wind-turbine-risk-assessment/[Geopend 6 May 2014]. Halkema, i. J., 2009. Wind turbines: the whole truth.. [Online] Available at: http://www.windenergy-the-truth.com/zes.html[Geopend 6 May 2014]. Haneberg, B., 2014. How do scientists measure earthquakes?. [Online] Available at: http://tremor.nmt.edu/faq/how.html[Geopend 5 May 2014]. International Energy Agency, 2013. Key World Energy Statistics. [Online] Available at: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld2013.pdf (8 May 2014) International Rivers, 2013. The Forgotten Legacy of the Banqiao Dam Collapse. [Online] Available at: http://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/the-forgotten-legacy-of-the-banqiao-dam-collapse-7821 (8 May 2014) Jozzie, 2011. De gevaren van radioactieve straling en kernenergie. [Online] Available at: http://wetenschap.infonu.nl/scheikunde/69830-de-gevaren-van-radioactieve-straling-en-kernenergie.html[Geopend 6 May 2014].

  36. References Looper, L., 2010. Are there any risks associated with the production of wind energy?. [Online] Available at: http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/risks-associated-wind-energy.htm[Geopend 6 May 2014]. Oren, S.S., 2007. Risk Management vs. Risk Avoidance in Power Systems Planning and Operation. [Online] Available at: http://www.ieor.berkeley.edu/~oren/pubs/II.B.10.pdf (8 May 2014) Tennessee Valley Authority.TVA´s Conversion of Wet Ash and Gypsum to Dry Storage. [Online] Available at: http://www.tva.gov/news/kingston/dry_ash.pdf (8 May 2014) Tennessee Valley Authority,2014. Site Wide Safety and Health Plan for the TVA Kingston Fossil Plant Ash Release Response. [Online] Available at: http://www.tva.gov/kingston/admin_record/pdf/G/G46.pdf (8 May 2014) United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2009. EPA to Oversee Cleanup of TVA Kingston Fossil Fuel Plant Release. [Online] Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/7E39C49BEA407817852575B30064E666 (8 May 2014) United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA´s Response to the TVA Kingston Fossil Plant Fly Ash Release. [Online] Available at: http://www.epa.gov/region4/kingston/basic.html (8 May 2014) Watkins, T. The Catastrophic Dam Failures in China in August 1975. [Online] Available at: http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/aug1975.htm (8 May 2014) WorldNuclearAssociation, 2014. Safety of Nuclear Power Reactors. [Online] Available at: http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Safety-and-Security/Safety-of-Plants/Safety-of-Nuclear-Power-Reactors/[Geopend 6 May 2014]. World Resources Institute, 2012. Global Coal Risk Assessment: Data Analysis and Market Research. [Online] Available at: www.wri.org/sites/default/files/pdf/global_coal_risk_assessment.pdf (8 May 2014)

  37. Thankyouforyourattention

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