Chapter 3

1. Chapter 3 The World’s People

2. Understanding Culture • What is Culture? • Culture - is the way of life of people who share similar beliefs and customs.

3. Understanding Culture • There are 8 traits in which you can divide a culture. • Social groups • Language • Religion • Daily Life • History • Arts • Government • Economy

4. Social Groups • Social Group – the different groups of people in a society. • Rich Middle Class • Poor Age • Roles of men and Women Ethnic Group: a group of people who share a common history, language, religion, and physical features.

5. Social Groups • Majority Groups – group of people in a society that control most of the wealth and power • Minority Group – group of people in a society is the group of people which have a different race or ethnicity than the majority group.

6. Question • Use your book and find what are the majority, and minority groups in the United States. • Majority Groups : Caucasian • Minority Groups: African Americans and Hispanic Americans.

7. Language • Language is one of the strongest unifying forces for a culture. • Dialect – a local form of a language that differs from the same language in other areas. • Schuylkill County has a dialect. • CoalSpeak: Dictionary of the Coal Region

8. Question • Use your book to find other examples of dialect. • Northeast – soda • Midwest – pop

9. Religion • Religion helps people answer basic questions about life and its meaning. • Many types of religions around the world. Some of the most common are: • Buddhism • Christianity • Hinduism • Islam • Judaism

10. Types of Religion • Buddhism – Belief in the Eightfold Path- rules that lead to a life of morality, wisdom, and good thought. • Nirvana – State of Bliss – achieved when you follow the eightfold path. • Leader – Buddha

11. Buddhism • 365 million followers or 6% of the world’s population. • Buddhism is the 4th largest religion in the world. • Started in India spread into Sri Lanka and then across Asia.

12. Buddhism

13. Christianity • Christians believe that Jesus the son of God was sent to Earth died on the cross to save humanity. • Having faith in Jesus, you will have eternal life in heaven. • Leader is Jesus Christ - monotheistic • 2.1 Billion people in the world are Christian • About 75% of all American adults consider themselves Christian.

14. Types of Christianity • Catholic • Protestant • Lutheran • Methodist

15. Christianity

16. Hinduism • Reincarnation -after death the soul is reborn in another form. (person, animal, vegetable) • Karma – spiritual force resulting from action in the past lives. Karma determines what a persons soul will be reborn as. • Polytheistic – more than one God. The 3 main Gods are Brahma, Vishnu and Siva • Leader - Unknown

17. Hinduism • About 900 million people. • 3rd largest religion in the world • Originated in India • Shastras – book of their spiritual laws

18. Hinduism

19. Islam • Followers are known as Muslims • Monotheistic – 1 God – Allah • Follow the Quran • Muhammad – prophet that said the Quran was revealed to him by Allah • 5 Pillars of Faith –take you to eternal paradise • Belief Fasting • Charity Prayer • Pilgrimage

20. Islam • 1.5 billion people • 2nd largest religion in the world. • Islam – means submission • Origin Saudi Arabia

21. Islam

22. Judaism • Monotheistic- 1 God – Yahweh • Believe they will have peace with each other and God if they follow God’s laws. • Torah- first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible. • Leader – Abraham • About 14 million people are Jewish

23. Judaism • Hannukah- commemorates the Jews struggle for religious freedom • 8 Days long – because after the victory, the menorah was lit for eight days when they thought it would only last for one. • Menorah – 8 candles. • Celebrates the Maccabees victory over the Syrian Greeks

24. Judaism

25. Religions of the World • http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html

26. Daily Life • The things that we eat, say and do everyday as part of our lives. • Many of these traditions have originated in other parts of the world. • Eating pizza, tacos, yogurt, egg rolls. • Eating with silverware, fingers, chopsticks • Clothing that we wear.

27. History • The things in the past that we remember as a significant part of our daily lives. • Holidays – 4th of July, Cinco de Mayo, Veterans Day • Time periods – World War II, Civil War, Enlightenment • People – George Washington, Queen Elizabeth, Napolean

28. Arts • An expression of feelings, time periods. • Pictures • Sculptures • Literature • Dance • Architecture • Music

29. Government • Rule or laws that people live by in a country • Limited Governments – all people must live by the written law of the land • Constitution • Statement of Rights • Unlimited Governments – rulers have powers that are not limited by laws. • Hitler

30. Government • Democracy - form of limited government where power rests with the people of the nation. • Dictatorship – Unlimited government where rulers rely on the police and military to take power by force. • Monarchy – kings and queens are born into a ruling family. (Until about 1600 absolute monarchy unlimited power however now, most countries use a constitutional monarch which is limited. )

31. Types of Government • Direct Democracy • Representative Democracy • Absolute Monarchy • Dictatorship

32. Direct Democracy • All citizens vote directly on issues. • What countries have a direct democracy? • Switzerland • New England towns

33. Representative Democracy • People vote for representatives who lead the country and make laws. • What countries have a Representative Democracy? • United States • Russia • France

34. Representative Democracy • The majority rules in a democracy • People vote for who they feel is the best representative. Once chosen, the representative is responsible for getting the people what they want. • Presidential Election- people are voting on who is the best person to lead the country.

35. Constitutional Monarchy • Monarch inherits the right to rule however they have limited powers. • What countries have a constitutional monarchy • United Kingdom • Japan • Sweden • Jordan

36. Absolute Monarchy • Inherits the right to rule, however they have limited power. • What countries have an absolute monarch? • Saudi Arabia

37. Dictatorship • Makes all laws and suppresses any opposition • Hitler- Germany • Stalin – Soviet Union What countries have a dictatorship? Cuba - Iraq – Under Saddam Hussein

38. Economy • How the people in a society earn a living. • Deals with the money of a country • Farming • Manufacturing • Services

39. Types of Economies • Traditional • Command • Market • Mixed

40. Traditional Economy • Customs and traditions determine what and how to produce. Resources are usually shared. Passed down from generation to generation. • Bartering or exchanging is used • Inuits – Canada • Parts of Africa and South America

41. Bartering

42. Command Economy • Government owns resources and controls production, prices, and wages. • “Communism” refers to Command Economies • China • North Korea • Former USSR

43. Command Economies

44. Market Economy • Individuals own resources and determine what and how to produce. • Supply and Demand policy – prices and wages are set based on the producers supply, and the consumer demand. • Also Known as consumer economics. • United States

45. Market Economy

46. Mixed • Individuals own most resources and determine what and how to produce • Government can regulate some industries • Almost all nations have this form of economics including the United States.

47. Economies and Culture

48. Government vs. Economy Government Economy The jobs and money matters of a country. How the people of a country make a living. • Laws that are used to control and regulate a country

49. Cultural Change • Cultures do not remain the same • Cultural Diffusion - spreading new knowledge and skills to other cultures. • What are causes of cultural diffusion? • Television • Movies • Internet

50. Cultures • Civilizations: a highly developed culture • Culture Region: countries that have traits in common.