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September 25, 2014 Wolfgang Laskowski

SROI – Social Return on Investment A model for displaying the social added value of supported employment ?. September 25, 2014 Wolfgang Laskowski. SROI – variants since the 1980-ies. Social measures and performance metrics (M. Moss, 1973)

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September 25, 2014 Wolfgang Laskowski

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  1. SROI – Social Return on Investment A modelfordisplayingthesocialaddedvalueofsupportedemployment? September 25, 2014 Wolfgang Laskowski

  2. SROI – variantssincethe 1980-ies • Social measuresandperformancemetrics (M. Moss, 1973) • Cost-effectiveness, a primer (Henry M. Levin, 1983) • REDF Roberts Enterprise Development Fund (Jed Emerson et al., ab 1997) • Community SROI (Betty J. Richmond et al., 1998) • SROI forpublicservices (Philips, 1998) • ETP – Returns on Employment Training Programs (Dennis K. Benson, 1999) • SROI (Scholten/Franzen, 1999) • SROI (thesroinetwork, ab 1999) • nef SROI (new economy foundation, ab 2002) • Double bottom line ventures (Rockefeller Foundation, 2003) • Social Impact Assessment (GSVC, o.J.) • SIA toolkit (Social Inclusion, o.J.)

  3. SROI-Meta-Analysis(CSI Heidelberg 2013) Source: Krlev, Gorgi; Münscher, Robert; Mülbert, Katharina (2013): Social Return on Investment (SROI): State-of-the-Art andPerspectives. A Meta-Analysis of practice in Social Return on Investment (SROI) studies published 2002-2012. Internet: https://www.csi.uni-heidelberg.de/downloads/CSI_SROI_Meta_Analysis_2013.pdf [8.9.2014].

  4. SROI – 6 studiesbyLaskowski & Loidl (a) • BAN – counselling, work, new start • SÖB Socio-economic enterprise: employment of long-term unemployed persons • Styria, 2003 and 2009/2010 • Chance B – “Janitor” project • Organisational unit of Chance B, employment project for disabled persons • Styria, 2005/2006 • WohnplattformSteiermark • Help for the homeless; extra-mural, psychiatric-type services • Styria, 2008-2010

  5. SROI – 6 studiesbyLaskowski & Loidl (b) • Arge Chance • SÖB • Lower Austria, 2009-2010 • ArtegraWerkstättengGmbH • Sheltered workshop for disabled persons • Upper Austria, 2007-2010 • VereinERfA – ErfahrungfürAlle • Social work, care, employment on hourly basis, training, case management, integration into labour market • Styria, since April 2011

  6. SROI AnalysisModel logicsandworksteps SROI – Analyse

  7. Company evaluation Future-orientedprocedure(Discounted Cash-Flow-Methode, WACC) Micro-economicmanagement (analysislevelcompany/organisation/project) Costing Investments set off againstyields (corporate, individual) returns Socio-economicvaluecreation: howefficiently (profitable) doesthecompanyemploythecapital? SROI – Basis andstartingpointforthemodel

  8. Isthereany such thingasprofitability in socialwork? e.g. cut in transferbenefits, risks, downstreamcosts Assess in € Financingbody („investments“) NPO Socialnon-profit organisation Benefitsforstakeholder Effects on stakeholderin € Effects onstakeholder € e.g. taxes, statutorysocialsecuritycontributions

  9. SROI method - steps

  10. Definition ofobjectivesand Stakeholder groups (1) • Whataretheobjectives? Whyistheprojectcarried out rightnow? • Who shallgettheresultsofthe SROI analysis? • Whatarethetasksforwhichthe SROI analysisismade? • Whatperiodshallbeanalysed? • Istheanalysis ex-ante or ex-post?

  11. Objectivesand Stakeholder groups(2) • Whatstakeholdergroupsareincluded in the SROI analysis? • Howaretheclaimantgroupsincluded?

  12. Developing an effectivenessmodel (1) • Identifyandevaluateinputs • Identifyanddescribeoutputs • Identify „hard“ and „soft“ outcomes • Developindicatorstoidentifyoutcomes • Collectdata • Assessdurationofeffects • Monetariseoutcomes • Developscenarios

  13. EffectivedimensionsAction fieldSupportedEmployment – Stakeholder: clients(Beyer/Robinson 2009, Schneider, 2003,) Work, income Autonomy Educational level, training Residential situation Employability Physicalhealth Socialnetworkandrelationships Mental health Financial skills, indebtedness Mobility Quality ofliving

  14. ProvingeffectsOutput – outcome – impactofsocialservices (unintended) outcomes plan conditions implementation results Concept (targets – activities) output Initial outcome Inter-mediate outcome Long term outcome context process activities Target groupspecifics Deadweight, displacement, attribution, drop-off Inputs (resources) Initial impact Long term impact Inter-mediate impact Programeffect structure Outputassessment Impact assessment Efficacyanalysis Processassessment Evaluation of programconcept Source: Rauscher, O.; Schober, Ch.; Millner, R.(2012): Social Impact Measurement und Social Return on Investment (SROI)-Analyse. Wirkungsmessung neu? Working Paper. Wien. Internet: http://www.wu.ac.at/npo/competence/appliedresearch/leistungsportfolio/working_paper_social_impact_measurement_vs_sroi-analyse.pdf [8.9.2014].

  15. Assessingeffects • Monetarisation • Statisticsofpublicinstitutions, marketresearch, businessconsultingetc. • Research resultsofuniversities, universitiesofappliedsciences • Documentationsbythefreeyouthwelfareorganisations • Interviews, questionnaires, focusgroups, workshops • Willingness-to-pay • Similargoods (marketprices), „proxy“ • Travel costs/willingnesstotraveltoobtaincertainthings • Average householdexpenses • VOIS database (www.wikivois.org)

  16. SROI calculationBlended Value Concept in 6 steps

  17. SROI – Analysis at theERfA Graz SROI – themodel in realapplication

  18. Tasks • Socialintervention • Employment on an hourlybasis • Help in individual cases at thesocialinterventionoffice • Main domicileregistrationcertificates • Socialworkshop • Non-profit employmentproject • Competence trainingandtrialwork • Trainings • Group and individual coaching • Transit employments • Supportedreturntothelabourmarket • „Socialguides“

  19. Howitworks • Market pricesforservicesrendered • Abolition oftransferbenefits (AL, “Mindestsicherung“) fortransitworkers (TAK) (ca. € 550,00 per personandmonth) • VAT due to additional incomefor TAK andkeyworkers (SK) (consumption) • VAT fromspendingbytheorganisation in theregion (material purchases) • Income tax on keyworkerincome • Statutorysocialexpenses

  20. Turnoverandcoststructure

  21. Sensitivityanalysis (1) • Variant 1: Results not takingintoaccountabolitionoftransferbenefits • Variant 2: Resultstakingintoaccountabolitionoftransferbenefits • Variant 3: Resultstakingintoaccountabolitionoftransferbenefitsandservices at „marketprices“. • Variation ofinterestrates

  22. Calculation variant 1

  23. Calculation variant 2

  24. Calculation variant 3

  25. Sensitivityanalysis (2)

  26. SROI in practice – Whatarethebenefits? SROI – Bilanz

  27. Socialresponsibility – effectiveandefficientinvestments • Socialinclusion: countersocialdeprivationthroughbenefits • Efficacy: organisebenefitseffectivelyandefficiently • Transparency: discloseuseofpublicfunds • Scientific demands: keep on developingmodels, data, resources

  28. Whatcan happen with „tool“? • Parties concerned “recognize” performance and value creation processes • Reflexive and socio-economically integrated action awareness increases corporate performance • Parties concerned word their own targets and remain (become) owners of the process • Interests become more transparent – investments and returns (in most cases) materialize in different areas • Increased “self-consciousness” of social service organizations (evidence of social value creation) • Possibility to communicate with stakeholders (analysis, results) • SROI is no guarantee of “success”

  29. Key-figure focused approach Threat of creaming-off Difficult to provide proof of the size of effect and allocability of the effects Overview, overall picture may be lost Comparability – desired? possible? Lacking recognition of SROI by public financiers Critical approach

  30. What can a “tool” do? – Aktivtesten

  31. SROI Social services create social added value. www.redf.org www.sroi.at

  32. Mag. Wolfgang Laskowski L.QUADRAT InstitutfürSozialforschung, Evaluation und Unternehmensberatung Rösselmühlgasse 12/25, 8020 Graz Wolfgang.laskowski@lquadrat.at www.lquadrat.at FH-Prof. Dr. Rainer Loidl FH JOANNEUM University of Applied Sciences Campus EggenbergerAllee 11, 8020 Graz Rainer.loidl@fh-joannum.at www.fh-joanneum.at Social Return on Investment (SROI)

  33. SROI – in Austria • LQUADRAT/FH Joanneum(www.lquadrat.at/www.fh-joanneum.at/sam) • Non-profit-Competence-Center (http://www.wu.ac.at/npo/competence/en) • Others: Fachhochschule Linz; greyliterature, a varietyofmostlyunpublishedstudies.

  34. SROI – in Germany • CSI Heidelberg (https://www.csi.uni-heidelberg.de/index.html) • XIT (http://www.xit-online.de/) • Kath. Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (http://www.ku.de/swf/) • iqconsult (http://iq-consult.com/)

  35. SROI – international • The SROI Network (http://www.thesroinetwork.org/) (UK) • Nef - New Economics Foundation (http://www.neweconomics.org/) (UK) • SVT-Group (http://svtgroup.net/) (US) • Scholten & Partners (http://www.peterscholten.com/) (NL) • Socia e-valuator (Software) (www.socialevaluator.eu) (NL)

  36. Arvidson, M., & Lyon, F. (2013): SocialImpact Measurement and Non-profit Organisations: Compliance, Resistance, andPromotion. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, p. 1-18. Krlev, G.; Münscher, R.; Mülbert, K.(2013): Social Return on Investment (SROI): State-of-the-Art andPerspectives. A Meta-Analysis of practice in Social Return on Investment (SROI) studies published 2002-2012. Internet: https://www.csi.uni-heidelberg.de/downloads/CSI_SROI_Meta_Analysis_2013.pdf [8.9.2014]. Kehl, K., Then, V., & Münscher, R. (2012): Social Return on Investment: Auf dem Weg zu einem integrativen Ansatz der Wirkungsforschung. In H. K. Anheier, A. Schröer & V. Then (Eds.), Soziale Investitionen: Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven (S. 313-331). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag. Rauscher, O.; Schober, Ch.; Millner, R.(2012): Social Impact Measurement und Social Return on Investment (SROI)-Analyse. Wirkungsmessung neu? Working Paper. Wien. Internet: http://www.wu.ac.at/npo/competence/appliedresearch/leistungsportfolio/working_paper_social_impact_measurement_vs_sroi-analyse.pdf [8.9.2014]. Laskowski, W.; Loidl, R.(2011): SROI als Modell einer Wertschöpfungsbilanz in sozialwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen. In: Wirkungsorientierung und Wertschöpfung – Zukunftsthemen der Sozialwirtschaft. INAS-Fachtagung 2011, Linz. SROI – Literaturelist (1)

  37. SROI – Literaturelist (2) Nicholls, J., Lawlor, E., Neitzert, E., & Goodspeed, T. (2009): A guide to Social Return on Investment. London: Office of the Third Sector, The CabinetOffice. Loidl, R.; Laskowski, W. (2008): Social Return on Investment (SROI) – Ein Vergleich von Modellen zur Darstellung sozialer und ökonomischer Leistungen in sozialen Diensten. In: Steuerung und Kontrolle in Nonprofit-Organisationen. 8. Colloquium der NPO-Forscher im deutschsprachigen Raum. Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, 17.-18. April 2008. Eine Dokumentation. Herausgegeben von Reinbert Schauer, Bernd Helmig, Robert Purtschert und Dieter Witt. Schriftenreihe Public & Nonprofit Management. Herausgegeben von R. Schauer. Linz: Trauner Verlag Universität. p. 379-396. Loidl-Keil, R. (2008): Soziale Dienste sind keine „Non-profit-Organisationen“. Sozialökonomische Wertschöpfungsprozesse zwischen Werkzeugdenken und Komplexitätsbewahrung am Beispiel des SROI (Social Return on Investment). In: soziales_kapital wissenschaftliches journal österreichischer fachhochschul-studiengänge soziale arbeit, Nr. 1 (2008), 10 . http://www.soziales-kapital.at/index.php/sozialeskapital/article/view/58/62 Laskowski, W.; Loidl-Keil, R. (2005): SROI – Social Return on Investment. Methodology. REDF Roberts Enterprise Development Fund. San Francisco: 2002. Übersetzung ins Deutsche www.sroi.at

  38. SROI – Literaturelist (3) Loidl-Keil, R.; Laskowski, W. (2004): Zahlung gegen Wertschöpfung. Eine erste Erfahrungsbilanz zum SROI – Social Return on Investment in Österreich. In: Kontraste, Presse- und Informationsdienst für Sozialpolitik. Nummer 9, November 2004. p. 25-27. Laskowski, W. ; Loidl-Keil, R. (2004): SROI – Social Return on Investment in einem Sozialen Integrationsunternehmen. Unveröffentlichter Projektbericht. 2004. Loidl-Keil, R. ; Laskowski, W. (2003): SROI – Ein Konzept zur sozio-ökonomischen Bewertung sozialer Unternehmen. In: Kontraste, Presse- und Informationsdienst für Sozialpolitik. Nummer 7, September 2003. Olsen, S., & Lingane, A. (2003): Social return on investment: Standard guidelines Working Paper Series: Center for Responsible. Business, UC Berkeley. Emerson, J., Wachowicz, J., & Chun, S. (2000): Social return on investment: Exploring aspects of value creation in the nonprofit sector. The Box Set: Social Purpose Enterprises and Venture Philanthropy in the New Millennium, 2, S. 130-173. REDF. (1996). SROI Methodology. San Francisco: Roberts Enterprise Development Fund. www.sroi.at

  39. Literatur „supportedemployment“ Beyer, S.; Robinson C. (2009): A Review of the Research Literature on Supported Employment. A report for the cross-Government learning disability employment strategy team. Internet: http://www.researchonline.org.uk/sds/search/download.do%3Bjsessionid=9CDC74BFF86CE150803D04C9331AB05F?ref=B12586 [8.9.2014]. Schneider, J. (2003): IsSupportedemploymentcosteffective? A review. In: International Journal ofPsychosocial Rehabilitation. 7, S. 145-156. www.sroi.at

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