Urogenital triangle in male

1. Urogenital triangle in male DrRania Gabr

2. OBJECTIVES

4. perineum • The cavity of the pelvis is divided by the pelvic diaphragm into : • 1- the main pelvic cavity aboveand • 2- the perineum below, • When the thighs are abducted, the perineum is diamond shapedand is bounded: • anteriorly by the symphysis pubis, • posteriorlyby the tip of the coccyx, and • laterallyby the ischialtuberosities

6. Two Triangles Anal triangle (posterior) contains the anus Urogenital triangle (anterior) contains the root of the scrotum and penis in males or the external genitalia in females The perineal membrane stretches between the two sides of the pubic arch and covers the anterior part of the outlet Perineum

7. Triangles

8. Perineal Body • Function: • It serves as a point of attachment for the following muscles: external anal sphincter, bulbospongiosus muscle, and superficial transverse perineal muscles. • Plays an important role in visceral support especially in female An irregular mass of variable size and consistency, located at midpoint of the line between the ischialtuberosities Forms the central point of the perineum Lies in the subcutaneous tissue, posterior to vestibule and anterior to the anal canal & anus, blends anteriorly with the perineal membrane

9. Perineal Body

10. Urogenital Diaphragm The urogenital diaphragm is a triangular musculofascial diaphragm situated in the anterior part of the perineum. It is formed by the sphincter urethrae muscle & deep transverse perineal muscles, which are enclosed between a superior and an inferiorlayers of fascia of the urogenital diaphragm. The inferior layer of fascia is often referred to as the perineal membrane.

13. Contents of the Male Urogenital Triangle Penis Location and Description The penis has a root, & a body Root Root is made up of 3 erectile tissue called the bulb of the penis. (paired corpora cavernosa dorsally & single corpora spongiosum ventrally) & the right and left crura of the penis. Bulb The bulb is attached to the undersurface of the urogenital diaphragm, traversed by the urethra and is covered on its outer surface by the bulbospongiosus muscles The bulb is continued forward into the body of the penis and forms the corpus spongiosum.

14. Crura Each crus is attached to the side of the pubic arch and is covered on its outer surface by the ischiocavernosus muscle. The two crura converge anteriorly and come to lie side by side in the dorsal part of the body of the penis, forming the corpora cavernosa.

15. Copulatory & Excretory organ. Excretory: Penile urethra: Carries urine & sperm. Copulatory: Has (3) cylindrical masses or erectile tissue Two Corpora Cavernosa One Corpus Spongiosum Penis CS CC

16. Corpora Cavernosa Paired Right & left Superior masses of (Primary erectile tissue). Provide the majority of rigidity & length of penis Their Posterior Expansions: form Crura (anchor” tissue) against pelvic bone

17. Corpus Spongiosum The Inferior mass (A Secondary erectile tissue) Traversed by the Penile urethra Its Anterior expansion: forms the Glans Prepuce : Fold of skin covering glans Its Posterior expansion: formsBulb of penis

18. Blood Supply Arteries The corpora cavernosaare supplied by the deep arteries of the penisthe corpus spongiosumis supplied by the artery of the bulb. In addition, there is the dorsal artery of the penis. (branches of internal pudendal artery) Veins The veins drain into the deep dorsal veins to the internal pudendal veins. Lymph Drainage Superficial inguinal nodes & internal iliac nodes. Nerve Supply Pudendal nerve & the pelvic plexuses

20. I- Primary Sex Organ: Testis. II- Reproductive Tract: Epididymis. Vas Deferens. Spermatic cord. III- Accessory Sex Glands: Seminal vesicles. Prostate gland. Bulbourethral glands. IV- External genitalia: Penis Components of Male Reproductive System

21. Scrotum T L The scrotum is a cutaneous sac consisting of two layers: heavily pigmented skin and closely related dartosfascia It is divided into two compartments which are distinguished externally by a middle ridge called the raphe. Internally, the raphe connects to a muscular partition, the septum, which serves to divide the scrotum into its two areas The Left scrotum is lower than the right.

23. Contents: One testis and one epidydimis in each compartement • Functions: • Houses & Protects the testis • Regulates testicular temperature • It has thin skin with sparse hairs and sweat glands. • The Dartosmuscle lies within the superficial fascia.

24. The arterial supply of the scrotum : 1- Posterior scrotal branches of the perineal artery, a branch of the internal pudendal artery. 2- Anterior scrotal branches of the deep external pudendal artery, a branch of the femoral artery. 3- Cremastericartery, a branch of the inferior epigastric artery.

27. Scrotal veins accompany the arteries • Lymphatic vessels of the scrotum drain into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes

28. The nerves of the scrotum include the: • Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (L1, L2) supplying the anterolateral surface. • Anterior scrotal nerves, branches of the ilioinguinal nerve (L1) supplying the anterior surface. • Posterior scrotal nerves, branches of the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2- S4) supplying the posterior surface. • Perineal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S2, S3) supplying the inferior surface.

29. Paired almond-shape gonads that are suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cord 4 - 5 cm long Weigh (10.5 – 14) g Functions: Spermatogenesis. Hormone production (Androgens- testosterone). Testis sc T

30. -It develops in the abdomen; descends into the scrotum before birth; -It is made up of tightly coiled tubes (SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES) where sperms are formed; -scattered between tubules are the LEYDIG CELLS(produce testosterone and other androgens).

31. (Leydig cells) TESTIS

32. Coverings of the Testis TV Tunica Vaginalis: Peritoneal covering, formed of parietal and visceral layers. It surrounds testis & epididymis. It allows free movement of testis inside scrotum. Tunica albugenia It is a whitish fibrous capsule

33. Internal Structure of Testis Fibrous septae extend from the capsule, divide the testis into a (200-300) lobules. Each lobule contains, (1-3) seminiferous tubules. Seminiferous Tubules: They are the site of the spermatogenesis. They form the bulk of testicular tissue. Rete testis: (a network of tubules) It is the Site of merging of the Seminiferous tubules. RT

34. Blood Supply of Testis Testicular Artery Testicular artery: It is a direct branch from the abdominal aorta. Venous drainage : (Pampiniform plexus of veins. Approximately a dozen veins which forms a network in the spermatic cord. They become larger, converge as it approached the inguinal canal and form the Testicular vein.

35. Right Vein drains into IVC. Left Vein drains into Left Renal Vein. Testicular Lymphatics: Follow arteries, veins end in Lumbar (par aortic) nodes From scrotum, penis, prepuce: Terminate in Superficial Inguinal nodes

36. Epididymis H V D A Single coiled tubule 6 M long Located on the posterior & superior margins of the testis. It is divided into: Head, Body and Tail. The Headreceives efferent ductules from testis. The Tail is continuous with Vas Deferens B T

37. Functions: • 1. Secretes/absorbs the nourishing fluid. • 2. Recycles damaged spermatozoa. • 3. Stores spermatozoa Up to 2 weeks to allow for maturation. • It is the site where sperms become motile and gain the ability to fertilize.

38. A Muscular tube 45 cm long. Carries sperms from the Epididymis to pelvic cavity. Passes through the inguinal canal It crossesthe ureter Its terminal part is dilated to form the Ampulla of the vas It joins the urethra in the prostate Vas Deferens

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