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George Büttner: Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing (FÖMI) Remote Sensing Centre

George Büttner: Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing (FÖMI) Remote Sensing Centre Budapest, Hungary Buttner@rsc.fomi.hu CORINE LC database - the first consistent LC inventory completed in the Phare countries Contents: Looking back for a decade

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George Büttner: Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing (FÖMI) Remote Sensing Centre

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  1. George Büttner: Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing (FÖMI) Remote Sensing Centre Budapest, Hungary Buttner@rsc.fomi.hu CORINE LC database - the first consistent LC inventory completed in the Phare countries Contents: Looking back for a decade Overview of participating countries Conclusions Rrecommendation for I&CLC2000 The Fourth Annual EIONET Land Cover workshop Prague (Hotel Pyramida), 10-12 April 2000

  2. CORINE Land Cover in the Phare countriesA decade of efforts 1991: EC decision to extend CORINE to C&E Europe in the frames of the Phare Regional Environmental Programme 1992: „Phare countries are ready to start” - JRC/Ispra meeting 1992: Phare expert meeting on actual project implementation, Budapest, 1992 1992: Phare training for photointerpreters (BG, CS, H, PL, RO) - Karlik (near Prague) 1993-96: CLC implementation in BG, CZ, H, PL, RO, SK 1994: Conference: CORINE Inventories, Warszawa (>100 participants) 1996: Phare training for photointerpreters (EST, LT, LV, SLO) - Vilnius 1997: Phare Natural Resources CD-ROM 1997: Concluding workshop for 6 countries, start of countries - Prague 1997-:Operation of Phare Topic Link on Land Cover (PTL/LC, GISAT, CZ) 1996-98: CLC implementation in EST, LT, LV, SLO 1997: Workshop on Land Cover Applications - Needs and Use; Copenhagen 1998: Local training in Tirana, Skopje, Sarajevo 1998-2000: CLC implementation in AL, BIH and MK

  3. CORINE Land Cover in the Phare countries CORINE = Co-ordination of Information on the Environment Land cover: biophysical coverage of the Earth’s surface (changes > 1 year) • project initiated by the European Commission • working scale - 1 : 100 000 • minimum mapping unit: 25 ha • 28 countries are involved, 4.43 million km2 Purpose: To provide quantitative, consistent and comparable information on land cover • CLC in Phare countries: • 13 countries in 3 phases (1993-2000) • 1,183 M km2 altogether • 1133 map sheets

  4. CORINE Land Cover - methodology Input: Landsat TM satellite image photomaps (scale 1 : 100 000) Method: Visual interpretation with computer assistance, use of ancillary information (maps, air-photos), field checking Output: Digital database including 44 categories in five groups: - artificial surfaces - agriculture - forest and semi-natural vegetation - wetlands - water bodies Supervision: Land Cover Technical Unit The “BIBLE”: CORINE Land Cover Technical Guide (EC, 1994)

  5. CORINE Land Cover:Ancillary data Topographic map (1985) Tuzla (BIH) Satellite image(1998)

  6. CORINE Land Cover:Field checking

  7. BULGARIA • Country area: 110 910 km2 • Project duration: 1994-1996 • Contracted organisation: Ministry of Environment, National Centre for Environmental and Sustainable Development • Type of contract: direct contract with Phare • Project leader: Stoyan Blagoev, MoE • Period of satellite imagery: 1991-92 • Number of CLC map sheets: 105 • Number of photointerpreters: 7 • Main difficulties met during project implementation: • autumn imagery did not support interpretation of 324 • proper interpretation of mountainous regions (332, 333, 322) needed lots of additional correction • military airports were omitted from the final database because of security reasons • Source: Phare Natural Resources CD-ROM

  8. CZECH REPUBLIC • Country area: 78864 km2 • Project duration: 1993-1996 • Contracted organisation: GISAT • Type of contract: direct contract with Phare • Project leader: Jan Kolar, GISAT • Period of satellite imagery: 1989-92 • Number of CLC map sheets: 94 • Number of photointerpreters: 7 • Main specialities / difficulties met during project implementation: • Czech and Slovak teams worked in close co-operation • 324 was used to map forest cut-over • Source: Phare Natural Resources CD-ROM

  9. HUNGARY • Country area: 93030 km2 • Project duration: 1994-1996 • Contracted organisation: Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing (FÖMI) • Type of contract: direct contract with Phare • Project leader: George Büttner, FÖMI • Period of satellite imagery: 1990-92 • Number of CLC map sheets: 84 • Number of photointerpreters: 8 (6) • Main difficulties met during project implementation: • consistent separation of 231 and 321, problems with autumn imagery • classification of small (<25 ha) settlements • because of the MMU=25 ha, many important features were omitted • Main benefits of the project: • the first 1:100.000 LC database of the country • many applications in different fields • raised the need for a national 1:50.000 LC database (a project started in 1999 based on lessons learnt from standard CLC)

  10. POLAND • Country area: 312685 km2 • Project duration: 1993-1996 • Contracted organisation: Institute of Geodesy and Cartography (IGiK) • Type of contract: direct contract with Phare • Project leader: Marek Baranowski, IGIK • Period of satellite imagery: 1989-92 • Number of CLC map sheets: 297 • Number of photointerpreters: 12 • Main difficulties met during project implementation: • keep consistency of the database (reduction of team) • use of spring and autumn imagery • interpretation of dispersed human habitats • Source: Phare Natural Resources CD-ROM

  11. ROMANIA • Country area: 238390 km2 • Project duration: 1993-1996 • Contracted organisation: Geological Institute of Romania (IGR) • Type of contract: direct contract with Phare • Project leader: Vasile Vajdea, IG • Period of satellite imagery: 1989-92 • Number of CLC map sheets: 203 • Number of photointerpreters: 10 • Main difficulties met during project implementation: • confusion is separating 321 and 231 • rapid changes in agricultural land (imagery was outdated) • lack of optimally timed imagery to separate deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests • Source: Ms. A. Vajdea • Main benefits of the project: • Verified correctness of data in Statistical Yearbooks • Provided a geo-info database for the National Agency for Mineral Resources • Applications in erosion risk assessment, hyrological modelling, habitat estimation, etc..

  12. SLOVAK REPUBLIC • Country area: 49035 km2 • Project duration: 1993-1996 • Contracted organisation: Institute of Geography, Slovak Academy of Sciences • Type of contract: subcontract with GISAT (CZ) • Project leader: Jan Feranec, IG SAC • Period of satellite imagery: 1989-92 • Number of CLC map sheets: 58 • Number of photointerpreters: 3 • Specialities met during the project implementation: • Problems with distinguishing the CLC classes 231, 221 and 222 (young trees) in the lowland - agricultural landscape, • Problems with identification of the CLC classes in the mountain landscape • Shaded slopes • Source: Phare Natural Resources CD-ROM and • J. Feranec Main benefit of the project: A possibility to produce the first land cover database at scale 1:100 000 for the Slovak Republic - compatible with the other European countries - by using satellite images.

  13. ESTONIA • Country area: 45100 km2 • Project duration: 1996-1998 • Contracted organisation: Estonian Environment Information Centre • Type of contract: direct contract with Phare, limited tender • Project leader: Andrus Meiner, EEIC • Period of satellite imagery: 1993-1995 • Number of CLC map sheets: 37 • Number of photointerpreters: 3 • Main difficulties met during project implementation: • delay in image map supply • low positional accuracy and data gaps of some image maps • applicability of classification developed for W,S and Central Europe to the N European conditions • Source: A. Meiner • Main benefits of the project: • First ever uniform, digital, public, clearly defined, nation-wide dataset; • Fruitful introduction of land cover concept in environmental management; • Update of land use/land cover national coverage; • Application which benefits to general RS/GIS development in Estonia.

  14. LATVIA • Country area: 63700 km2 • Project duration: 1996-1998 • Contracted organisation: Latvian Environment Data Centre (LEDC) and Department of Geodesy of Riga Technical University (DoG) • Type of contract: direct contract with Phare • Project leaders: Ieva Vaica, DoG and Harijs Baranovs, LEDC • Period of satellite imagery: 1994-1995 • Number of CLC map sheets: 44 • Number of photointerpreters: 4 • Main difficulties met during project implementation: • lack of fresh aerial photos for the East part • lots of compromises in interpretation of small (<25 ha) polygons • separation of 211 and abandoned arable land (231) • Source: Harijs Baranovs • Main benefits of the project: • availability of consistent database for the whole country, comparable with neighbour countries • numerous applications (19)

  15. LITHUANIA • Country area: 65200 km2 • Project duration: 1996-1998 • Contracted organisation: HNIT-Baltic Geoinfoservisas • Type of contract: direct contract with Phare • Project leader: Rimantas Kaulakys, HNIT-Baltic • Period of satellite imagery: 1994-1995 • Number of CLC map sheets: 42 • Number of photointerpreters: 4 • Main difficulties met during project implementation: • geometrical problems of satellite image hardcopies • separation of pastures and meadows (natural grassland) • border matching with Poland data: difference in MMU (20 ha/25 ha) • Source: R. Kaulakys • Main benefits of the project: • additional step to the European Community; • new experiences and skills in satellite image interpretation, in creation of thematic GIS databases, integration and in image processing • constructive collaboration and friendly relations with other CLC national teams and EEA experts • the database is available for all institutions intending to develop their own GIS (very different fields).

  16. SLOVENIA • Country area: 20250 km2 • Project duration: 1996-1998 • Contracted organisations: • Slovenian Institute of Geodesy (GZ-S) • Slovenian Forestry Institute, • Institute of Geology, Geotechnics and • Geophysics, • Univ. Ljubljana, Centre for Soil and • Environmental Sciences, • Type of contract: direct contract with Phare • Project leader: Andrej Bilc, GZ-S • Period of satellite imagery: 1995-1996 • Number of CLC map sheets: 33 • Number of photointerpreters: 3 • Main benefits of the project: • up to date land cover data • new expertise • Source: A. Kobler • Main difficulties met during project implementation: • large proportion of 242 and 243 because of fragmented landscape • almost a full-country aerial photograph coverage was needed

  17. ALBANIA Country area: 28748 Km2 Project duration: 1998-1999 Contracted organisation: IGN FI Type of contract: ? Project leader: ? Period of satellite imagery: ? Number of CLC map sheets: 36 Number of photointerpreters: ? Difficulties / specialities met during the project implementation: Source: M. Bossard

  18. BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA • Country area: 51130 km2 • Project duration: 1998-2000 • Contracted organisation: FÖMI, Hungary • Type of contract: international tender • Project leader: George Büttner, FÖMI • Local partner: Institute of Geodesy, BIH (GZ BIH), subcontract • Local project leader: Esad Mahir, GZ BIH • Period of satellite imagery: 1998 • Number of CLC map sheets: 65 • Number of photointerpreters: 5 • Main difficulties met during project implementation: • organisation of field trips (political problems, danger of mines) • outdated aerial photographs and topographic maps • separation of 323 and 324 near the Adriatic coast, and mapping abandoned agricultural land because of war • Source: E. Mahir • Main benefits of the project: • first project with satellite imagery • new practices in GIS and IP • case studies at scale 1:25.000 using SPOT-4& IRS-1C

  19. F.Y.R. MACEDONIA • Country area: 25713 km2 • Project duration: 1998-2000 • Contracted organisation: FÖMI, Hungary • Type of contract: international tender • Project leader: George Büttner, FÖMI • Local partner: Ministry of Urban Planning, Construction and Environment (subcontract) • Local project leader: Zoran Velickov • Period of satellite imagery: 1995-1996 • Number of CLC map sheets: 35 • Number of photointerpreters: 4 • Main difficulties met during project implementation: • accessibility of NW parts of the country because of Kosovo crisis • outdated topographic maps, difficult access to aerial photographs • separation of 323 and 324 • Source: Z. Velickov • Main benefits of the project: • first project with Landsat imagery • foreseen applications: urban and rural planning, mapping (e.g. tourist maps)

  20. Conclusions • Meaningful contribution of Phare countries to the Land Cover map of Europe • Part of the „harmonisation” process (accession to EU) • Enthusiastic and highly skilled national teams have been set up • Strengthened the use of contemporary technology (GIS, IP) • Significant know-how has been developed, which should be further utilised • Effective technical (LCTU: Y.Heymann, C.Steenmans, M.Bossard, J.Feranec) and administrative (Phare/EEA: E.Evrard) management, friendly relations among participants • Many useful applications on national levels • The database is outdated (>5 years) for most countries, needs updating • There are still some “white” areas in C&E Europe for extending CLC…..

  21. Recommendations for I&CLC2000 REQUIREMENTS TOOLS better localisation accuracy more geometric details better thematic accuracy more homogeneity, better database quality deriving real changes • orthocorrection, GCPs not from 100K maps • computer aided photointerpretation • revision of MMU (25 / 20 hectares) ? • homogeneous application of MMU • images acquired on proper date • use of additional satellite images • improved definition of some classes • strong internal and external QC/QA • correcting errors of baseline LC data

  22. Acknowledgement • A. Vajdea, Romania • J. Feranec, Slovakia • A. Meiner, Estonia • H. Baranovs, Latvia • R. Kaulakys, Lithuania • A. Kobler, Slovenia • M. Bossard, France (Albania) • Z. Velickov, F.Y.R. Macedonia • E. Mahir, Bosnia-Herzegovina • G. Maucha, Hungary (technical realisation)

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