THE ROMANS CREATE A REPUBLIC

1. THE ROMANS CREATE A REPUBLIC Ch. 6 Sec. 1

2. GEOGRAPHIC SETTINGS • ITALY is on the ITALIAN PENINSULA • North – Alps • Surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea • West - Tyrrhenian Sea • East – Adriatic Sea • *The central location of the peninsula contributed to Roman control of the Mediterranean region

3. THE BEGINNINGS OF ROME • LEGEND HAS IT THAT TWO BROTHERS FOUNDED THE CITY OF ROME • 753 B.C. • ROMULUS & REMUS

4. CITY OF ROME • BUILT ON “SEVEN HILLS” PALATINE HILLS • It was in the center of the peninsula, which gave them a chance to control all of Italy

5. GREEK CONTRIBUTIONS • ALPHABET • RELIGION • (ZEUS IS JUPITER) • 50 EARLY GREEK COLONIES

6. EARLY REPUBLIC • Republic = *Representative Democracy-decisions were made primarily by representatives who are elected and then vote on behalf of the people • *POWER RESTS WITH THE CITIZENS WHO HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE AND SELECT THEIR LEADERS • Two groups struggled for power in the new republic:

7. Two groups fight for power: • PATRICIANS – ARISTOCRATIC CLASS OF LANDOWNERS

8. Two groups fight for power: • PLEBIANS – THE COMMON FARMERS, ARTISANS, & MERCHANTS THEY WERE THE MAJORITY

9. Who won the power struggle? • At first the patricians held most of the power. • Overtime, the plebeians got the right to form their own assembly: Assembly of Tribes.

10. Basis for Roman Law • The Twelve tables was the basis for Roman law. • Set of rules that said all FREE citizens were protected by the law. • publically displayed • *Roman system of justice was considered a milestone because it served as a model for many later European legal systems.

11. Roman Government • Part One: Two Consuls, or officials • Elected each year • They led the government and the army

12. Roman Government • Second part, The Roman Senate • MOST IMPORTANT OF THE THREE • 300 PATRICIANS FOR LIFE • LAW MAKING BODY

13. Important vocabulary word: • *VETO- ability to over-rule or cancel vote

14. Roman Government • The third, and most democratic part were the assemblies. • Included members from all parts of society • citizen soldiers and plebeians • Could also make laws

15. Roman Principles of Law • All persons are entitled to equal treatment under the law. • People are innocent until proven guilty • People should be punished for actions, not thoughts • The burden of proof rest on the accuser, not the accused. Which one of these are seen in our legal system today????

16. *Impact on Western Civilization • *Roman’s granted equal treatment under the law--- This is an example of civil and natural law that impacted Western Civilization

17. If there was a crisis: • Senate could name a dictator • HAD ABSOLUTE POWER • Made laws and commanded the army. • 6 month term only.

18. THE ROMAN ARMY • EVERY ADULT MALE CITIZEN (had to own land) was expected to serve in military • Organized into 5000 man units called Legions • Well trained and heavily armed

19. Rome Spreads Its Power • 4th century B.C. Rome began to get larger • Within 150 years Rome had conquered all of Italy • Rome allowed some of the conquered people benefits of citizenship • Rome saw growth of trade • Brought it in conflict with CARTHAGE (trading city in north Africa)

20. Punic Wars: Rome vs. Carthage • From 264 to 146 B.C. • Famous Carthaginian general, Hannibal • Invaded Rome through Alps, on elephants! • Hannibal was never able to capture Rome • Roman General, Scipio, defeated him in Africa • Carthage was destroyed • “salt was plowed into the ground” to forever destroy the city. • People forced into slavery • Carthage made Roman province

21. War Elephants

22. Mastery Check: • Which of these forms of government is NOT in the United States? • Representative Democracy • Direct Democracy