The importance of the regular church

1. The importance of the regular church • Religious importance • David I of Scotland (1124-53) founded Cistercian houses because he believed that, the monks would pray for his soul • There was status associated with this too • Political importance • Anglo-Norman abbots and bishops were strong supporters of royal policy and helped with the maintenance of law and order.

2. The importance of the regular church • Economic importance • monasteries were built in remote surroundings and many areas were brought under cultivation for the first time • the King made money from this trade by charging customs duties on products produced by the monks. • Monasteries worked large compact units and were efficient business administrators.

3. The importance of the regular church • Importance for ordinary people • Fear of damnation kept people in line so the Church was also, a powerful instrument of social control • other factors, such as education, charity, alms for the poor, • Importance for kings and barons • political gains • financial gains • same fears as ordinary people

4. Coronations are religious ceremonies • Monarchs had a special relationship with god, and the church was witness to this • Popes could excommunicate kingsand place countries under edict which threatened the stability of the country • Clerics had more direct access to the masses than kings • Only clerics could read and write so the government of a country needed them • The Church had its own courts and dealt with all religious matters • Church brought wealth into a country and was often richer than the king. The political Importance of the Secular church

5. Coronations are religious ceremonies • Kings needed the Churchmen to anoint them. • Recognition by the Church was critical for kings in the middle Ages

6. The church had its own courts • Only church courts could judge bishops, deacons, priests, clerks, monks and nuns • The church gave out lighter sentences than royal courts • They could not sentence people to death • All members of the clergy could read and write, • therefore a literacy test sometimes used to prove that a person worked for the church

7. Excommunicated John of England by Innocent 3rd Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Gregory IX Pope Innocent III and King John had a disagreement about who would become Archbishop of Canterbury which lasted from 1205 until 1213. At the time he was crowned King of the Romans, Frederick promised to go on crusade. He continually delayed because of internal problems V Pope Innocent III Gregory IX Frederick was excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for failing to honour his crusading pledge. John closed down the churches, after his excommunication, and took the income of vacant churches & abbeys: the church lost an estimated 100,000 marks (£34,501,804.10) to the Crown in 1213

8. Petitions to Clement VI • Maurice, son of Thomas, Earl of Desmond. • Wants his daughter to marry David de Ruppe (lord of the Rochse) • they are 3rd and 4th cousins • It will bring about peace between him and the Roches • Priests want to be allowed to: • Eat meat on Fridays • Make use of the commons on Fridays • Richard de Kinberle & William de Keytorp want: • Their confessor to give them “plenary remission” when they die • From: 'Volume II: 1 Clement VI', Petitions to the Pope: 1342-1419 (1896), pp. 12-18. Removal of all sin

9. Thomas Becket – Chancellor to Henry 2nd and Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Arundel - Archbishop of Canterbury & Lord Chancellor, during the reign of King Richard II, Thomas Wolsey - Archbishop of York & Lord Chancellor (1515–1529) William Warham- Archbishop of Canterbury In 1504 he became Lord Chancellor

10. Popes Leo IX Gregory VII Urban II