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Ed Reforms: 60s & 70s. 1963-1964. Support for academic rigor (Sputnik) died Civil Rights Movement Federal troops to the south to enforce Brown vs. Board and desegregation Anti-War Movement Demonstrations, draft-card burning Anti-Institutional Mood Baby boom + Affluence. Schools, 1960s.
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1963-1964 • Support for academic rigor (Sputnik) died • Civil Rights Movement • Federal troops to the south to enforce Brown vs. Board and desegregation • Anti-War Movement • Demonstrations, draft-card burning • Anti-Institutional Mood • Baby boom + Affluence
Schools, 1960s • Faced with violence, discipline problems, lawsuits • Accommodated the anti-authoritarian counter-culture • Weaker academic standards to reduce conflict • Summerhill (A.S. Neill) • No imposition of authority on kids • Extreme child-centeredness • Radical egalitarianism & sexual freedom
60’s & 70’s • Same themes as throughout 20th century • Academic curriculum is pointless and repressive • Kids should be free to do whatever moves them • Schools should provide menu of artistic, expressive, creative, intellectual activities • Unfettered freedom will produce a better society • “Open Education” (opposed by most parents) • aka the “therapeutic school”
Results • A decade of declining SAT scores • Non-academic “reasons” • “Racial diversification” • Assumed the scores brought down as more minorities took the test • Social & political upheaval • Television • Changes in family (divorces, women working outside home)
Results (cont’d) • Academic Reasons • Increase in electives, decrease in enrollments in academic courses • Grade inflation • Greater tolerance for absenteeism • Social promotion • Increased enrollments in “general track” curriculum (neither academic nor vocational) • driver education, typing, consumer education, home economics