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Peter Terry Head of Maintenance

Peter Terry Head of Maintenance. Peter Terry Head of Maintenance. (32 stores). (288 shops). Outline. The History Why do we need another refrigerant ? Background The Waitrose refrigeration concept The use of HC refrigerants Water cooled HC cabinet development Future plans.

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Peter Terry Head of Maintenance

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  1. Peter Terry Head of Maintenance

  2. Peter Terry Head of Maintenance (32 stores) (288 shops)

  3. Outline The History • Why do we need another refrigerant ? Background • The Waitrose refrigeration concept • The use of HC refrigerants • Water cooled HC cabinet development Future plans

  4. Refrigerants • 1945 - 1980’s Majority of refrigerants were CFC’s • Hole in Ozone layer Discovered – Montreal Protocol 1985 • 1980 – 2010 - HCFC’s , Short term replacements for CFC’s • 1990 – Date - HFC’s – Long Term Replacements for HCFC’s • Global Warming – Kyoto Protocol 1997 • 1995 – HFC’s • 2000 – Natural Refrigerants The Scale of the Problem

  5. The Natural Refrigerant Options Considered • CO2 • High Pressures, expensive components • Ammonia • Toxic , used mainly in industrial – no people • Hydrocarbons • Flammable, energy efficient, cost effective There was still the need for containment • Simple • Reliable • Factory finish “Factory build simple integrals”

  6. Challenges • Eliminate refrigerant leakage • Reduce total store energy/carbon use • Improve reliability • Use a natural refrigerant • Maintain look and feel of current cabinets • How to develop engineering solutions that compliment each other

  7. Overview of Chosen Solution • Use of integral cabinets • HC refrigerant • Water cooled display cabinets • Water / glycol chillers Solutions Considered but Discounted and Why ? • CO2 • Ammonia/Secondary

  8. Integralised Refrigeration • All refrigerated cabinets, counters & cold rooms are HC integral systems (R290 or R1270) • Heat rejection to air and / or water • Display cabinets reject 15% of heat to sales floor for heating • Primary plant comprises air cooled HC chillers (R290), incorporating a Free cooling coil • Heat transfer medium between refrigeration units & chillers is chilled water/glycol mix

  9. Water Cooled Display Cabinets HEAT HEAT Water pump Chillers HEAT Chilled water circuit HEAT Heat reclaim to fresh air COLD Integral display cases COLD

  10. System Comparison using Standard Store Traditional centralized HFC System • Up to 70 cabinets and cold stores, connected by 2500 meters of pipe work, to up to 5 multiple compressor packs • Total HFC charge ~ 750kg (2,445,000kg CO2e) • Largest individual charge 175kg (570,500kg CO2e) Natural refrigeration • Up to 70 cabinets and cold stores, all integral, connected by 1500 meters of water pipe • Total HC charge ~ 75kg (225kg CO2e) • Largest individual charge 1 kg inside, 10 kg outside

  11. Integration with H & V • Cold air retrieval • Remove cold air from front of cases and re-utilise within the store, conditioning warm sales floor or partner areas • Heating fresh air makeup • Use return water (up to 24OC) via a coil in the fresh air makeup duct, to heat fresh air • Cold aisles heated by warm air rejected from display cabinets

  12. Challenges we had faced • Hydrocarbon • Pulling together two engineering departments refrigeration and H & V • Retail acceptance • Cost What we did to address Challenges • We engaged an industry specialist in Hydrocarbon (Coolconcerns Ltd) • Adopted a single engineering department approach • Formed a partnership with key suppliers (Carter Retail, Klimatherm & Synergy BS)

  13. What help we need from the Industry • Flexible/Innovative/diverse • Service industry to adopt to the approach • Regulations to be simplified • Embrace change – don’t view it as a barrier • Help us by being part of the solution

  14. Future Plans • All new stores / major refits incorporate use new concept • 38 projects delivered this year with HC/WC • Total change out by 2020 • Continued: • System optimisation • Cabinet development • Further integration of R and H & V

  15. Carbon neutral stores • Bio fuel • Self generation Future Plans Continued ……… Energy Centre • Waitrose East Cowes & Bracknell • Integral Hydrocarbon Stores • Water cooled • Sterling engine on wood chip • Absorption chiller • District heating

  16. Other Technologies Sun Tubesin the Customer Toilets and Office areas to pipe natural daylight from our roof LED lightingin our cold store, reduce energy. They provide good lighting level, emit less heat, require less maintenance and are automatically on PIR Air Flush Urinals: hygienically designed to use no water

  17. Peter Terry Head of Maintenance

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