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Enhanced Guide to Oracle8i

Enhanced Guide to Oracle8i. Chapter 1: Client/Server Databases and the Oracle8i Relational Database. File-Based Data Processing. Each application has data files that correspond to only that application. Checking Account Data Files. Auto Loan Data Files. Checking Account Programs.

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Enhanced Guide to Oracle8i

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  1. Enhanced Guide to Oracle8i Chapter 1: Client/Server Databases and the Oracle8i Relational Database

  2. File-Based Data Processing • Each application has data files that correspond to only that application Checking Account Data Files Auto Loan Data Files Checking Account Programs Auto Loan Programs Savings Account Data Files Savings Account Programs

  3. Problems with File-Based Processing • Each application must have duplicate programs for file-handling operations • Duplicate data exists in each application’s data files • Duplicate data can become inconsistent

  4. Database Processing • All applications interface with the same data in a central database Checking Account Programs Database Management System Database Auto Loan Programs Savings Account Programs

  5. Database Processing • Database Management System (DBMS) provides central set of common functions to manage data: • Insert • Update • Retrieve • View • Oracle is a relational, client/server DBMS

  6. Types of Database Systems • Hierarchical: data relationships are maintained using pointers • Pointers create links using physical hardware locations • Relational: data relationships are maintained using shared data values called key fields

  7. Hierarchical Databases Parent Data Pointer Child Data

  8. Relational Databases • Data is organized in tables • Columns (fields) represent different data categories • Rows (records) contain actual data values Fields Records

  9. Relational Table Keys • Primary key: uniquely identifies a record • Must be unique for each record • Cannot be NULL (undefined) • Candidate key: field that could be used as a primary key • Surrogate key: numeric field created for the purpose of being the primary key

  10. Relational Table Keys • Foreign key • Field in a table that is a primary key in another table • Creates a relationship between the 2 tables • Foreign key values must exactly match

  11. Table Relationships Primary Key Foreign Key

  12. Composite Key • Primary key made of the combination of two or more fields Composite Key

  13. Database System Architectures • Mainframe databases • Both DBMS and applications run on mainframe computer • Users access database and applications using terminals • Personal databases • Both DBMS and applications run on user’s workstation • Client/server databases • DBMS runs on central server • Applications run on user’s (client) workstation

  14. Advantages of Client/Server Databases • Handling server and client failures • Processing transactions • Handling high data volumes • Providing security • Servicing multiple simultaneous users

  15. The Oracle8i Environment(Server Side) • Enterprise Edition (on central DB server) Or • Oracle Personal Edition • Personal database that acts just like a client/server database

  16. The Oracle8i Environment:Client Side • SQL*Plus & PL/SQL • Developer • Procedure Builder • Form Builder • Report Builder • Graphics Builder • Project Builder

  17. Case Study Databases • Clearwater Traders • Inventory and sales order system • Northwoods University • Student registration system • Software Experts • Project management system

  18. Clearwater Traders Database Tables • CUSTOMER • CUST_ORDER • ORDER_SOURCE • ITEM • CATEGORY • INVENTORY • SHIPMENT • SHIPMENT_LINE • ORDER_LINE • COLOR

  19. Northwoods University Database Tables • STUDENT • FACULTY • LOCATION • TERM • COURSE • COURSE_SECTION • ENROLLMENT

  20. Software Experts Database Tables • CONSULTANT • SKILL • CONSULTANT_SKILL • CLIENT • PROJECT • PROEJCT_SKILL • PROJECT_CONSULTANT • EVALUATION

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