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The Importance of Quality Early Childhood Education in Promoting School Readiness Bruce Hoyt 303-339-9099. Presentation Outline.  The pre-K achievement gap Impact of quality ECE on school readiness  Overview of ECE studies  Conclusions. Demonstration of ECE Benefits.

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  1. The Importance of Quality Early Childhood Education in Promoting School ReadinessBruce Hoyt303-339-9099

  2. Presentation Outline  The pre-K achievement gap • Impact of quality ECE on school readiness  Overview of ECE studies  Conclusions

  3. Demonstration of ECE Benefits Highest educational impact of any school program Dramatic socialization benefits for kids One of the most effective tools in closing the achievement gap Highest $ return on any educational or human capital investment All of which implies… Quality ECE as a Core Educational Platform for All Public Schools

  4. The Pre-K Achievement Gap

  5. The Number of Disadvantaged Children in Our Schools is Growing • As of 1990, nearly half of U.S. children under age 3 were cared for by someone other than a parent • 47% of children from low income families come from single parent households • Welfare work rules have greatly reduced the amount of time mothers are spending with their young children • After declining in the late 90’s, the number of children in poverty is once again increasing

  6. Why is Access to Quality ECE So Important? • Research is clear about the ages of birth to 4 being the period of brain development far greater than in any years of K-12 schooling. • The research is also clear about disadvantaged children who do not receive quality child care prior to attending kindergarten: • Lower IQ’s • Inability to distinguish letters from numbers entering kindergarten • Increased behavioral problems • Lower parental involvement with their school

  7. Beginning School Study • A study of 825 Baltimore first graders coming from families in poverty with parents averaging less than a high school graduate education • These children were studied throughout their first grade year of schooling • 28% placed in the lowest reading group • 14% retained to repeat first grade • 7% designated as special education students

  8. Overview of Studies

  9. Conclusive Research Findings • Numerous long term studies tracking outcomes for children receiving quality ECE • Overwhelming evidence showing strong positive impact of ECE • Studies summarized: • Perry Preschool Project • Abecedarian Project • Barnett Study of Studies • Entwisle Socialization Study • Federal Reserve Economic Impact Analysis

  10. High/Scope Study of Perry Preschool • 123 children from low-income families in Ypsilanti, Michigan • Study years 1962-1967 • Children randomly selected to attend Perry (58) or control group (65)   • Daily classroom session and weekly home visit • Tracked participants and control group through age 40 • Follow-up rate of 100%

  11. Perry Preschool IQ Over Time Source: High/Scope Educational Research Foundation

  12. Perry: Educational Effects Source: High/Scope Educational Research Foundation

  13. Perry: Economic Effects at Age 27 Source: High/Scope Educational Research Foundation

  14. Perry: Arrests per Person by Age 27 Source: High/Scope Educational Research Foundation

  15. Perry: Effects at Age 40 Source: High/Scope Educational Research Foundation

  16. Abecedarian, Educational Child Care • North Carolina Study • Study years 1972-1985 • Random selection of ECE (57) vs. control group (54) • High quality care delivered from infancy through age 5 • Follow-up conducted at ages 8, 12 and 15 • No IQ differential by age 15

  17. Abecedarian: Educational and Health Effects Source: Carolina Abecedarian Study

  18. Barnett Study of Studies • Rutgers Graduate School of Education professor • 40 major ECE studies analyzed • 36 long term • 4 major short term • From 44 to 4,000 participants • Study dates: from 1962 to 1987 • Variety of different methodologies

  19. Barnett Summary of Short Term Studies • Too soon to know long term impact, but… • All show immediate IQ gains averaging 8 points • All show positive impact on language skills and behavior • Study with parental education component shows increased expectations for children

  20. Barnett Summary of Long Term Studies • All show IQ gains by time of school entry • Milwaukee shows 25 point gain • IQ effects longest for the two programs enrolling infants in full day programs • Achievement gains mixed with many studies showing gains fading post third grade

  21. Barnett Summary of Student Success • Overwhelming evidence across all studies of long term student success • Retention rates

  22. Barnett Summary of Student Success • Overwhelming evidence across all studies of long term student success • Retention rates • Special education rates

  23. Barnett Summary of Student Success • Overwhelming evidence across all studies of long term student success • Retention rates • Special education rates • High school graduation

  24. High School Graduation

  25. Entwisle Research • Doris Entwisle is a professor of sociology at Johns Hopkins • Entwisle studied social impact of ECE • Key question: Why if IQ gains often don’t persist do the benefits of lower retentions, lower special education frequency and high graduation rates endure?

  26. Entwisle Conclusions • ECE eases the transition to kindergarten for kids, helping them prepare for school • A fast start in the first years of school promotes long term success regardless of IQ gains by: • Preventing negative tracking as in Baltimore study • Increasing parents’ expectations and interest in their children’s educations • In other words, quality ECE serves to set high expectations by students, teachers and parents

  27. The Economic Impact of ECE

  28. Federal Reserve Study on Economics of ECE • U.S. moving from a manufacturing economy to a knowledge economy • Key assets of U.S. companies have shifted from machines and equipment to well trained employees • What is the return on capital of an investment in human capital?

  29. Federal Reserve Findings • Investment in quality ECE generates major economic returns for society • Decreases special education funding • Increases participant’s earnings • Decreases criminal behavior • Cost of incarceration • Cost to victims • Decreases future welfare parents

  30. Perry PreschoolCosts and Benefits Over 27 Years

  31. Perry Preschool Return on Investment To Age 27 • Total Benefit-Cost Ratio = $8.74 to $1 • Estimated Total Annual Rate of Return = 16% • Public Rate of Return = 12%

  32. Perry Preschool Costs and Benefits Over 40 Years

  33. Perry Preschool Return on Investment To Age 40 • Public Benefit/Cost Ratio = $12.90 to $1 • Total Benefit/Cost Ratio = $17.07 to $1

  34. Conclusions from Research Studies

  35. Impact of ECE on Public Schools • Very effective in closing the pre-K achievement gap • Major impact on long term student success • Economic benefits from lower retention and special educations services • Decreased behavioral problems • Increased parental involvement • Higher expectations • Higher high school graduation rates

  36. Summit School District Priorities • High expectations • Improve performance of all students • Close the achievement gap…. Quality ECE is a cost effective tool to help Summit meet these goals.

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