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DNA Technology/The New Genetics

DNA Technology/The New Genetics. Frankenstein to Frosted Flakes. The most basic level: finding genes and isolating them. Basic Steps 1) Extract genomic DNA 2) Cut DNA with Restriction Enzymes 3) Separate DNA and Isolate desired DNA 4) Now What?.

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DNA Technology/The New Genetics

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  1. DNA Technology/The New Genetics Frankenstein to Frosted Flakes

  2. The most basic level: finding genes and isolating them • Basic Steps 1) Extract genomic DNA 2) Cut DNA with Restriction Enzymes 3) Separate DNA and Isolate desired DNA 4) Now What?

  3. Read order of A, T, G, and C • Compare with other organisms • Determine Amino Acid sequence of gene • Make More PCR • Recombine sequence in library

  4. Genetic Recombinationa.k.a Gene Cloning • Mixing organism’s DNA WHY? • Transgenic organisms: Organisms with another organisms added to their genome

  5. Transformation in Bacteria

  6. Cloning of Organisms • “Clones” definition: • First cloned animal: Dolly • Clone a Mouse

  7. Why Cloning? Therapeutic Cloning Reproductive Cloning Cloning with the intent of producing a new organism • Production of human embryos for inner cell mass (icm) • Production of transgenic cells (gene therapy)

  8. So are we just a big collection of our genes? Short answer, yes with an if Long answer, no with a but Environment has a major effect on gene expression The HGP detected 20,000 to 35,000 genes but we have over a million distinct proteins….what gives? • Single genes control particular traits and diseases • Multiple genes acting together produce predictable ranges of phenotypes

  9. How Genes Work • Genes must be controlled to work properly Lac Operon • Development and differentiation

  10. Ethical Concerns: • The Inner Cell Mass (ICM) of an embryo is the desired product for the study of stem cells • Harvesting of an ICM destroys an embryo • New technology: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSs) - trick a differentiated adult cell into becoming a pluripotent cell

  11. So what does all this mean? • We can already economically sequence a human genome. • These technologies present a huge variety of opportunities and dangers. • Your generation must be aware of these technologies as you will make the ultimate decisions about how these technologies are used.

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