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Chapter 4: Syntax

Chapter 4: Syntax. “I really do not know that anything has ever been more exciting than diagramming sentences.” -Gertrude Stein. We can create an infinite number of sentences . John found a book in the library in the stacks on the fourth floor. S V O language.

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Chapter 4: Syntax

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  1. Chapter 4: Syntax “I really do not know that anything has ever been more exciting than diagramming sentences.” -Gertrude Stein

  2. We can create aninfinite number of sentences John found a book in the library in the stacks on the fourth floor.

  3. S V O language Your dogchasedmy cat. S V O My catchasedyour dog. S V O

  4. The natural breaks in a sentence: My dogchased your cat. My dog (noun phrase) chased your cat (verb phrase) noun phrase verb phrase My dog noun phrase chased your cat

  5. These natural breaks are constituents Constituency test: • Can stand alone • Can be replace by a pronoun or “do” • Can move as a unit My dog chased your cat.

  6. Phrasing • Noun phrase (NP) • Verb phrase (VP) • Prepositional phrase (PP) • Adjective phrase (AdjP) • Adverb phrase (AdvP) • Complementizer phrase (CP)

  7. Categories Phrasal Lexical Functional NP N Det VP V Aux PP P AdjP Adj AdvP Adv S CP C

  8. The dog chased your cat. My dog chased your cat S NP VP NP My dog chased your cat

  9. Phrase Structure Trees S NP VP NP read The child a book

  10. Phrase Structure Trees S NP VP NP The student did homework her

  11. The student did her homework in the library. S NP VP NP The student did NP PP her homework in NP the Library

  12. The new student did her homework in the library. S NP VP NP The did NP new student NP PP her homework in NP the Library

  13. Practice: • The old tree swayed in the wind. • The frightened passenger landed the crippled airliner. • The hot sun melted the ice. • The house on the hill collapsed in the wind.

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