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Understanding Four- and Five-Year Olds

Understanding Four- and Five-Year Olds. Human Growth and Development. Gross Motor Development. Five Years Old Skip Ride bike with training wheels Keep hands to side until ball is caught Motor and visual systems coordinate. Four Years Old Hop on one foot Walk down stairs alternating feet

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Understanding Four- and Five-Year Olds

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  1. Understanding Four- and Five-Year Olds Human Growth and Development

  2. Gross Motor Development Five Years Old • Skip • Ride bike with training wheels • Keep hands to side until ball is caught • Motor and visual systems coordinate Four Years Old • Hop on one foot • Walk down stairs alternating feet • Balance on one foot for 10 seconds • Walk backwards heel to toe for four steps • Throw overhand

  3. Fine Motor Development Five Years Old • 18-35 piece puzzles • Sculpt simple figures • Triangles and diamonds • Print first names Four Years Old • 12-18 piece puzzles • Can decipher writing from non-writing • Copy square • Print a few letters

  4. Self-Help Skills Five Years Old • Button and unbutton on the back • Put shoes on correct feet • Some can tie shoes • Can brush hair Four Years Old • Close zippers • Buckle belts • Basic fork and knife skills • Clean up plate • Can clean face

  5. Language Comprehension Skills Five Years Old • More directional words (behind, ahead of, last) • Understand passive voice (The orange was eaten by Jane.) • Recognize many letters Four Years Old • Understand directional words (beside, bottom, backward) • Three step commands • Confused by exaggeration (Wanda flew out the door.) • May exagerate • Recognize some letters

  6. Expressive Language Skills Five Years Old • About 2000 word vocabulary • May make up meaning of words • Imitate phrases they may not understand • Grammar improves (“Why the sky is blue?” vs “Why is the sky blue?” • May still struggle using pronouns properly Four Years Old • Love to talk about things unrelated to topic • Articulation (ability to speak clearly in pronounced sounds) improves • May stutter (repeat sounds or pausing) • About 1500 word vocabulary

  7. Math Skills Five Years Old • Rote counting to 20 • True counting (an object counted for each number named) to 4 • Recognize numbers to 10 • Memorize phone number • Understand today, tomorrow, later, etc., but not clock Four Years Old • Rote counting (reciting numbers in order) from 1-9 • Understand terms related to size (small, short, last, first) • Identify coins but not value • Confused by time

  8. Social Development Four and Five Years Old • Prefer same sex friends • Choose best friends but change best friends often • Becoming more interactive vs solitary play • Accept supervision/ask permission

  9. Emotional Development • Love to show affection • Learning to enjoy sharing • Develop sense of humor • May not understand jokes but laugh at funny faces or actions • Fears change • Fearful of monsters, scary dreams • Knowledge develops new fears (ex: sharks in the ocean) • Afraid of doctors and dentists • May work through fears in play • May express anger toward other children • Learn that death is not reversible

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