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Unit 6: World War I (1914 – 1920)

Unit 6: World War I (1914 – 1920). The Homefront!. Bell Ringer: America Joins the Fight. The ____ system was developed by the U.S. and used to protect troop/ supply shipments at sea? a. Rocking Chair b. Convoy c. Cradle He commanded the A.E.F.?

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Unit 6: World War I (1914 – 1920)

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  1. Unit 6: World War I (1914 – 1920) The Homefront!

  2. Bell Ringer: America Joins the Fight • The ____ system was developed by the U.S. and used to protect troop/ supply shipments at sea? a. Rocking Chair b. Convoy c. Cradle • He commanded the A.E.F.? a. Alexander b. Patton c. Pershing • U.S. troops of the A.E.F. were called _____? a. Dough Boys b. Soulja Boys c. Home Boys • The armistice that ended WW I was signed on _________, 1918. a. Oct. 18th b. Nov. 11th c. Dec. 4th

  3. The Selective Service Act (1917) • The draft authorized men 21-30 (later 18-45) to register for military service. • Lottery numbers were assigned and cards were issued. • 24 million registered and 2.8 million were drafted.

  4. Financing the War • 1915 – Total U.S. budget = $1 Billion. • WW I cost the U.S. $32 Billion! • Liberty Bonds raised $23 Billion.; new taxes paid rest. • Ran by William Gibbs McAdoo (Treasury Secretary) • Most bought by banks and financial groups; a few individuals bought them. Cheapest could be bought for $1.00.

  5. Mobilizing the Economy for War • War Industries Board (July 1917) to oversee government purchases of military supplies. • Independent of the Council of National Defense and Railroad War Board • Ran by Bernard Baruch who worked for $1.00/ yr. • Determined what was made, where it went, and how much it cost.

  6. The Food Administration • Ran by future U.S. President Herbert Hoover. • The U.S. and our Allies were dependent on U.S. agriculture. • Set high prices for wheat and other food products to encourage farmers to plant more.

  7. “Hooverizing” Household Economies • Conserving food viewed as a patriotic gesture • Adopted slogans like “Food Will Win the War!” • “Wheatless Mondays, Sweetless Tuesdays, Meatless Wednesdays…” • Smith-Lever Food & Fuel Act – Daylight Savings Time

  8. Propaganda and Public Opinion • Committee on Public Information (CPI) • Ran by ex-muckraker George Creel • Its job was to “sell America” and “sell the war” • 75 Million posters and brochures • Hollywood stars and Four-minute Men gave speeches and held Bond Rallies • It also sponsored movies.

  9. Government Cracks Down on Dissenters • Individual Rights (Free Speech) vs. War Effort? • Espionage Act (1917) – Treasonable papers and speech banned! Disloyalty could be punished by $10,000 fine and 20 years prison! • Sedition Amendment (1918) – Further restricted free speech (on government, the Constitution, or the military. Used to prosecute Socialists (often labor union leaders) , Communists, radicals, and pacifists. • Eugene V. Debs ( 1/1500 arrested) -10 year sentence in 1918 (pardoned by President Harding in 1921)

  10. Anti-German Hysteria • Vigilante mobs “disciplined” some who opposed the war. • Dissenters & immigrants , especially Germans, often the targets of mail, phone taps, harassment, & worse! • The Kaiser, the Beast of Berlin (1918 movie) • Anything German-sounding banned (i.e. frankfurters = hotdogs)

  11. Women and the War Effort • Wanted the vote! • Worked in munitions factories, for railroad & telegraph companies, and as clerks. • Red Cross & Army Corps of Nurses (1918) • Proved they could do jobs once held by only men! • 19th Amendment (Summer 1920) finally gave them the vote!

  12. The Great Migration • Nearly 400,000 African-Americans served! • 1.2 Million moved North to the “Land of Hope” • Chicago (meatpacking), Detroit (new auto industry), and to cities in the NE U.S. • Push (racism & Jim Crow laws); Pull (jobs & family)

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