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CS162 Discussion Notes

CS162 Discussion Notes. March 31, 2011 Jorge Ortiz. Paul A. Strassmann , George Mason University Rightscale.com Kirk Anne, SUNY Geneseo Randy Katz, UC Berkeley. Acknowledgements. Outline. Cloud computing What is it? Virtualization Hypervisor configurations Amazon EC2

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CS162 Discussion Notes

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  1. CS162 Discussion Notes March 31, 2011 Jorge Ortiz

  2. Paul A. Strassmann, George Mason University Rightscale.com Kirk Anne, SUNY Geneseo Randy Katz, UC Berkeley Acknowledgements

  3. Outline • Cloud computing • What is it? • Virtualization • Hypervisor configurations • Amazon EC2 • Relational databases • Entity relationship diagrams • Data models • Imperative versus declarative • SQL

  4. What is cloud computing? • Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices on-demand, like electricity • Wikipedia

  5. Data Centers Google’s Containerized Datacenter MicrosoftChicago Datacenter

  6. What runs on these machines? • All types of applications! • How can we make bestuse of the resources?

  7. Virtualization (2)

  8. Virtualization (3)

  9. Amazon EC2 Architecture

  10. Applications • Web applications • Databases • Compute-intensive jobs • Client-Server applications • Project 3! • Chat Server will be in the cloud • Clients will be outside the cloud • Application state stored in database

  11. Parts of a database Record Tables Attribute/Field • Records become “rows” • Attributes/fields become “columns” • Rules determine the relationship between the tables and tie the data together to form a database

  12. Basic SQL Commands • Creating tables with CREATE • Adding data with INSERT • Viewing data with SELECT • Removing data with DELETE • Modifying data with UPDATE • Destroying tables with DROP

  13. Creating tables with CREATE • Generic form CREATE TABLE tablename ( column_name data_type attributes…, column_name data_type attributes…, … ) • Table and column names can’t have spaces or be “reserved words” like TABLE, CREATE, etc.

  14. Phone Book/Contact Table CREATE TABLE contacts ( Name VARCHAR(40), Address VARCHAR(60), Company VARCHAR(60), Phone VARCHAR(11), URL VARCHAR(80), Age INT, Height FLOAT, Birthday DATE, WhenEntered TIMESTAMP ); Plan your tables very carefully! Once created, they are difficult to change!

  15. Data Types • Binary • Database specific binary objects (BLOB) • Boolean • True/False values (BOOLEAN) • Character • Fixed width (CHAR) or variable size (VARCHAR) • Numeric • Integer (INT), Real (FLOAT), Money (MONEY) • Temporal • Time (TIME), Date (DATE), Timestamp (TIMESTAMP)

  16. Adding data with INSERT • Generic Form INSERT INTO tablename (column_name,…) VALUES (value,…)

  17. Inserting a record into ‘contacts’ INSERT INTO contacts (contactid,name,address,company,phone,url,age,height,birthday,whenentered) VALUES (1,‘Joe’,’123 Any St.’,’ABC’, ’800-555-1212’,‘http://abc.com’,30,1.9,’6/14/1972’,now());

  18. Inserting a partial record INSERT INTO contacts (contactid,name,phone) VALUES (2,’Jane’,’212-555-1212’);

  19. Automatic key generation • CREATE SEQUENCE contactidseq; • Change the ContactID line in the CREATE TABLE to: ContactID INT DEFAULT nextval(‘contactidseq’) PRIMARY KEY • Or when inserting into a table INSERT contacts (contactid,name,phone) VALUES (nextval(‘contactidseq’),’Jack’,‘716-555-1212’);

  20. Viewing data with SELECT • Generic Form SELECT column,… FROM table,… WHERE condition GROUP BY group_by_expressionHAVING condition ORDER BY order_expression • The most used command • Probably the most complicated also • If used improperly, can cause very long waits because complex computations

  21. A few simple SELECTs • SELECT * FROM contacts; • Display all records in the ‘contacts’ table • SELECT contactid,name FROM contacts; • Display only the record number and names • SELECT DISTINCT url FROM contacts; • Display only one entry for every value of URL.

  22. Refining selections with WHERE • The WHERE “subclause” allows you to select records based on a condition. • SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE age<10; • Display records from contacts where age<10 • SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE age BETWEEN 18 AND 35; • Display records where age is 18-35

  23. Additional selections • The “LIKE” condition • Allows you to look at strings that are alike • SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE name LIKE ‘J%’; • Display records where the name starts with ‘J’ • SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE url LIKE ‘%.com’; • Display records where url ends in “.com”

  24. Removing data with DELETE • Generic Form DELETE FROM table WHERE condition; DELETE FROM contacts WHERE age<13;

  25. Modifying data with UPDATE • Generic Form UPDATE table SET column=expression WHERE condition; UPDATE contacts SET company=‘AOL’ WHERE company=‘Time Warner’;

  26. Destroying tables with DROP • Generic Form DROP TABLE tablename; DROP TABLE contacts;

  27. Joining together tables • SELECT name,phone,zip FROM people, phonenumbers, address WHERE people.addressid=address.addressid AND people.id=phonenumbers.id;

  28. GROUP BY/HAVING • The “GROUP BY” clause allows you to group results together with “aggregate functions” • AVG(), COUNT(), MAX(), MIN(), SUM() • COUNT DISTINCT • HAVING allows you to search the GROUP BY results

  29. Important links • http://aws.amazon.com/documentation/ec2/ • http://www.mysql.com/

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