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Bioinstrumentation (1)

Bioinstrumentation (1). Mohamed Bingabr, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Engineering and Physics University of Central Oklahoma. Outlines. BME in medical instrumentation Common components of a measurement system System with feedback Biological system with feedback

yvonne-lott
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Bioinstrumentation (1)

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  1. Bioinstrumentation (1) Mohamed Bingabr, Ph.D.Associate ProfessorDepartment of Engineering and Physics University of Central Oklahoma

  2. Outlines • BME in medical instrumentation • Common components of a measurement system • System with feedback • Biological system with feedback • Medical devices with feedback

  3. BME Task • Invent, design, build, and test devices for use in medicine.

  4. BME Task • Oversee maintenance of medical instruments and adapting instruments to serve patients and doctors

  5. BME Task • Do research and take measurements in research laboratories. (Third eye)

  6. Measurement Systems • Sensor: convert an input variable into measurable quantity • Processor: amplification, filtering, comparison, and other mathematical operations. • Receiver: presents readable results

  7. Systems With Feedback

  8. Feedback – Blood Pressure

  9. Feedback – Glucose Production Normal blood glucose levels: 80-90 mg/dL by beta cells by alpha cells

  10. Feedback – ATP Production ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate ADP: Adenosine Diphosphate

  11. Feedback – Muscle Reflex

  12. Systems With Feedback Gain without feedback = H v(t) y(t) x(t) + H - F Case 1 without feedback G = H = 10 ± 10% Case 2 with feedback H = 100 ± 10% F= 0.09 G = 10 ± ??%

  13. Systems Without Feedback Example: The system has a gain of 10 and due to noise the gain may increase or decrease by 10%. In an ideal case the output will be 20 volt if the input is 2 volt. Find the maximum and minimum outputs if the system gain fluctuates by 10%. y(t) x(t) H

  14. Systems With Feedback Example: The system with the feedback has a gain of 10. The forward gain H is 100 and the reverse gain F is 0.09. Due to noise the forward gain H may increase or decrease by 10%. In an ideal case the output will be 20 volt if the input is 2 volt. Find the maximum and minimum outputs if the forward gain fluctuates by 10%. v(t) y(t) x(t) + H - F

  15. Cardiac Pacemakers Cardiac Pacemaker: An electric device that regulate the heart’s beat by producing periodic electric pulses to stimulate the heart’s muscle.

  16. Cardiac Pacemakers Timing Circuit: pulse rate is 70 to 90 pulse per minute Output Circuit: Constant-Voltage Amplitude pulses: 5.0 to 5.5 V with duration of 0.5 to 0.6 msec. What is the problem with fixed heart rate?

  17. Cardiac Pacemakers with Feedback Physiological VariableSensorRight-ventricle blood temperature ThermistorVenous blood oxygen saturation Optical Oximeter

  18. Homework 3 (due February 24) • Search for a biological system that uses feedback mechanism and write a paper describing the following points: • What does the feedback regulate. • The mechanism and type of feedback (positive, negative, or both) • What are the measured parameter (proteins, light, heat, pressure, etc..) to determine the states of the body. • How does the feedback maintain the homeostasis of the body. • What are the consequences of the absence of the feedback. • Examples biological feedback: • Controlling the opening and closing of the iris in the Eye • Controlling the stiffness of the outer hair cells in the cochlea of the ear • Controlling the movement of the stapes in the middle ear. • Production of white blood cells • Production of proteins • Muscles and movement

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