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Lesson Outline

Work effectively with culturally diverse clients and co-workers HLTHIR403C # 4: Cultural Diversity & Communication. Lesson Outline. How do we show respect for cultural diversity when communicating in the workplace?

yvonne-lott
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Lesson Outline

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  1. Work effectively with culturally diverse clients and co-workersHLTHIR403C# 4: Cultural Diversity & Communication

  2. Lesson Outline How do we show respect for cultural diversity when communicating in the workplace? How can we use communication constructively to create effective relationships, trust & confidence ? How can we sensitively consider the impact of cultural differences when resolving issues? How do we communicate in the most effective way when there are language barriers? 4

  3. Culturally competent communication Humans are social beings: we create societies with people from different groups who can live together in peace or in conflict Verbal and non-verbal communication is the bridge enabling us to create these social links Our challenge is to communicate effectively within a culturally diverse society and workplace CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION-Low and High Context Cultureshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tIUilYX56E&feature=autoplay&list=PLFE9649EC6D77970C&playnext=2

  4. Communication Communication contains 3 components Affective Behavioural Cognitive Video: Cross Cultural Communication http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrJTf97Ev8o&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PLFE9649EC6D77970C

  5. Components of communication Affective component: the emotion we feel as a reaction to events or to words spoken in an interaction Acceptance of difference or prejudice Prejudice: a negative feeling toward someone formed beforehand, without knowledge or thought

  6. Components of communication Behavioural component: our actions & the actions of others Treating others equitably or with discrimination Discrimination: unequal treatment based on which group a person belongs to

  7. Components of communication • Cognitive component: the thinking behind our affect and behaviour • Positive view of people as individuals orstereotyping • Stereotype: inaccurate, simplistic generalisations about a group that allows others to categorise them and treat them negatively

  8. Social categorisation & scapegoating Prejudice, stereotypes & discrimination can lead to social categorisation This categorising of people creates out-group members (them) and in-group members (us) External characteristics are often the basis of social categorization - we judge people on how they look, eg:race, gender, obesity Scapegoat theory: people may blame problems on the out-group. Conflict and stress may bring out more prejudice & scapegoating. Brainstorm: In pairs, think of as many factors as you can that people use to stereotype or scapegoat others

  9. Explanations for Prejudice • Competition (for limited resources) • Ignorance (leading to fear of difference) • Rationalisation for oppression or domination (by powerful groups) • Prejudice boosts self-esteem (“my group is superior”) • Stereotyping

  10. Overcoming Stereotypes & Reducing Prejudice How do we overcome prejudice? Be aware most people claim not to be prejudiced Consciously override inner prejudice and stereotypical thinking Contact with people from other groups may help us learn more about them as individuals and reduce any stereotypes or prejudice Think about whether you want to overcome a stereotype because it is morally wrong (your inner process) or you are reacting to social disapproval? (peer pressure) Which is more effective?

  11. Strategies for culturally competent communication As community service workers or counsellors, how can we learn to communicate in a culturally competent way? Patience in dealing with clients’ & colleagues’ attitudes, values or ideas which are different from yours Repeat information, speak more slowly but not louder, ask questions if the other person seems not to understand Use non-verbal language: hand gestures, demonstration or mime to explain

  12. Strategies for culturally competent communication Avoid jokes unless you are ready to explain them – they may not be understood, or give offence to someone If a person reacts differently from your cultural expectations, act professionally Give written back up information, diagrams, pictures, to help clients understand Don’t expect others to act according to your stereotype of a culture or social group.

  13. Overcoming language barriers Detecting language barriers: A client who seems to understand social English may not understand complex discussions. Staff may overestimate a person’s English levels in stressful situations, where the person’s English skills may decrease. People’s comprehension level is often better than their spoken language ability.

  14. Overcoming language barriers Using interpreters: Interpreters provide a voice for patients whose English is insufficient & they convey the information in a language that the client can understand Explain to clients their right to an interpreter and the interpreter’s role. Don’t use family members as they are not bound by the same professional code of ethics as interpreters

  15. Overcoming language barriers Make a file note if the client refuses to have an interpreter after you have offered it Offer a telephone interpreter service if an on-site interpreter is refused.

  16. Choosing an interpreter • Find out the appropriate language & dialect, eg: Taiwanese people may get confused if the interpreter is from China, Hong Kong or Malaysia • Be aware of ethnicity. Clients may not want interpreters from specific communities for political reasons, or because of confidentiality fears in small communities, eg: Serbian interpreter for a Bosnian Muslim. • Try to engage an interpreter of the same gender, or ask the client if they are willing to accept the opposite gender before engaging an interpreter.

  17. The Interpreter’s Role To repeat what you & the client say to each other so good communication can occur To maintain client confidentiality Not to analyse the information, or decide what should or should not be conveyed Not to be a cultural expert, to counsel the client, nor to calm the client down

  18. The Interpreter’s Role Don’t worry if the interpreter talks a lot after you have said something brief - they may need more words to explain the concept in the client’s language If in doubt, ask the interpreter what they have been saying. If the issue is sensitive, the interpreter may apologise to the client for asking the question, and explain that they have to ask it.

  19. References Chatswood (1993).The conflict resolution network: Conflict resolution trainers manual – 12 skills) Chenoweth L & McAuliffe D 2011 The road to social work & human service practice, 3rdedn.,Cengage Learning Australia. Chapter 8 Comparing Different Cultures: Intercultural Communications - Rey Ty, online video, accessed 20th May 2012 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gRXMzR_8BY Corey G, Corey MS & Callanan P 2011 Issues and ethics in the helping professions, 8th edn., Cengage Learning: Brookes/Cole , United States. Chapter 4 Cornelius, H & Faire, S. (1989). Everyone can win: How to resolve conflict. Simon & Schuster, Sydney Cross Cultural Communication , online video, accessed 20 May 2012 , http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrJTf97Ev8o&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PLFE9649EC6D77970C Culture and Communication-Low and High Context Cultures, online video, accessed 20 May, 2012,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tIUilYX56E&feature=autoplay&list=PLFE9649EC6D77970C&playnext=2

  20. References Cultural Competence: Managing Your Prejudices, online video, accessed May 22, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1MI_h0HIcw Cultural Diversity - Tips for communicating with cultural awareness, online video, accessed 20 May 2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDvLk7e2Irc&feature=related Diversity Dave, online video, accessed 26 May 2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gc-eWbc7kDM&feature=related Emotional Intelligence or Behaviorial Control? (part 2) , online video, accessed 23 May, 2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W4kWPdcdUk&feature=related31 Erikson, E.H. (1974). Dimensions of a New Identity. New York: Norton Georgetown University: National Centre for Cultural Competence 200, ‘Cultural Competence: Definition & Conceptual Framework,’ Washington, accessed 24 May, 2012. http://nccc.georgetown.edu/foundations/frameworks.html#ccdefinition Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. Hage, H. & Couch, R. (eds), 1999, The Future of Australian Multiculturalism, Research Inst. For Humanities and Soc. Sciences, Sydney University Healey, J., 2000, Multiculturalism Volume 126, Issues in Society, The Spinney Press, Thirroul, NSW Healey, J., 2000, Australia’s National Identity, Volume 133, Issues in Society, The Spinney Press, Thirroul, NSW

  21. References Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Fact sheet: Face the Facts: How diverse are Australians (section 6) Hodge B & O’Carroll J 2006 Borderwork in Multicultural Australia, Allen & Unwin Sydney Kenny S 2011 Developing communities for the future, 4th edn., Cengage Learning Australia. Chapter 9 Practice in human services organisations, Allen & Unwin, Australia. Chapter 6 Maidment J & Egan R (eds) 2009 Practice skills in social work & welfare, 2ndedn., Allen & Unwin, Australia. Chapter 9,11 Making Multicultural Australia, 2002. “Ethnicity”. Accessed May 23, 2012http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au Managing Conflict - Thomas Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument , online video, accessed 22 May, 2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFf88IVl_Wc MDA Multicultural Development Association 2012, “Working as a culturally competent mental health practitioner”. Accessed May 22, 2012, http://aboriginal.childhealthresearch.org.au/media/54895/chapter12.pdf Nick Vujicic, No Arms, No Legs, No Worries! Part 1, online video, accessed 18 May 2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yo_24_qTNac

  22. References O’Hara A & Pockett R (eds) 2011 Skills For Human Service Practice: Working with Individuals, Groups and Communities, 2ndedn., Oxford University Press, Australia/ New Zealand Racism. No Way! 2010. “Fact sheet: Australia's Cultural Diversity”, accessed May 24 2012 Sockalingum adapted from Hayes, Cultural Competence Continuum, 1993 and Terry Cross Cultural Competency Continuum “The secret world of the child bride: Heartbreaking pictures of the girls as young as FIVE who are married off to middle-aged men,”Daily Mail, accessed 24 April,2012, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2001029/Child-brides-young-5-married-secret-middle-aged-men.html#ixzz1pjEGZZYf Trudge R 2005 Why worriers lie down and die, P/l Darwin Segal J., Ph.D., Smith M., M.A., and Jaffe. J, Ph.D.  Cited March 2012 , accessed 23 May, 2012, http://www.helpguide.org/mental/eq6_nonverbal_communication.htm Teenage parents - Babes - First Light, online video, accessed 21 May 2012 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-ChyDrcizM Today Tonight story on Universal Royalty Pageant Australia , online video accessed 24 May 2012http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTQ51p6QW1A What is your conflict style?, online video, accessed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hv9FEuk4Mhk&feature=related

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