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Overview of the results of the UNECE survey on ethnicity, religion, and language. Proposal for new recommendations regarding the collection of data on ethnicity and religion in population and housing censuses.
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JOINT UN-ECE/EUROSTAT WORK SESSION ON POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUSES GENEVA, 30 SEPT- 3 OCT 2013 ETHNO-CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS RESULTS OF UNECE SURVEY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 2020 IAN WHITE, Office for National Statistics, UNITED KNGDOM
OVERVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF UNECE SURVEY: ETHNICITY • 31 countries collected information (61 per cent) • No register-based census did so • 23 countries adopted the UNECE definition/ • concepts • 14 countries used a combination of ethnic/ • cultural and nationality concepts • 12 used countries only ethnic/cultural concept • In the UK the situation was complicated • 9 countries allowed multiple responses; 20 allowed only one response • In 24 countries the information was provided in a voluntary basis; • in 6 countries it was mandatory
OVERVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF UNECE SURVEY: ETHNICITY England and Wales • Type of questions • Combination of pre-defined categories and • write-in option: 17 countries • Open-ended: 12 countries • Montenegro • Ethnic affiliation • _____________________________________________ • Albania • What is your ethnic group affiliation ? • Self-declaration, not obligatory • 1 I belong to • • • 2 Prefer not to answer
OVERVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF UNECE SURVEY: RELIGION • 28 countries collected information • (65 per cent) • Only 1 register-based census did so • 17 countries referred to ‘identification with • a religion’ • 11 countries referred to ‘religious belief’ • 4 countries referred to ‘formal membership • of a church/religious community’ • In the UK the situation was complicated • In 24 countries the information was • provided on a voluntary basis; • in 3 countries it was mandatory
OVERVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF UNECE SURVEY: RELIGION England and Wales • Type of questions • Combination of pre-defined categories and • write-in option: 16 countries • Open-ended: 6 countries • Albania • Do you have any religion ? • Self-declaration, not obligatory • 1 I belong to • • • Yes without specific religion • None • 4 Prefer not to answer
OVERVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF UNECE SURVEY: LANGUAGE • 36 countries collected information (71 per cent) • Only 1 register-based census did so • Type of information collected • - Mother tongue: 24 countries • - Main language:11 countries • - Language spoken at home: 20 countries • - Knowledge/ability to speak an other language: • 13 countries • - Knowledge/ability to speak official national • language: 7 countries • - Sign language: 4 countries • In the UK the situation was complicated
OVERVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF UNECE SURVEY: LANGUAGE Type of questions 17 Can you understand, speak, read, or write Welsh? Tickall of the boxes that apply Understand spoken Welsh Speak Welsh Read Welsh Write Welsh None of the above
PROPOSALS FOR NEW RECOMMENDATIONS: ETHNICITY • No substantive changes. Main features cover: • Relevant for understanding cultural diversity • Information used for monitoring equality and • discrimination • Subjective, politically sensitive • Often relates to very small populations – thus • potentially disclosive in outputs • Multi-dimensional – ancestry to be considered – • use of ‘nationality to be avoided • Indigenous populations to be recognised • Self declaration – multi-response option • Voluntary • Consultation with community leaders/key users • Criteria and classifications to be explained • Classification depends on national circumstances • – none recommended • Non-core topic
PROPOSALS FOR NEW RECOMMENDATIONS: ETHNICITY • Issues for discussion • Should the topic be CORE? • Should the Recommendations attempt to • propose a FORMAL CLASSIFICATION? • Should the topic be VOLUNTARY or • MANDATORY with option to record ‘Prefer • not to respond’?
PROPOSALS FOR NEW RECOMMENDATIONS: RELIGION • No substantive changes. Main features cover: • Relevant for understanding cultural diversity • Information used for monitoring equality and • discrimination • Subjective, politically sensitive • Often relates to very small populations – thus • thus potentially disclosive in outputs • Definitions and concepts unchanged: either: • - A religious or spiritual belief or faith, regardless • of whether or not this belief or faith is • represented by an organised group; or • - An affiliation with, or membership of, an • organised group or body having a specific • religious or spiritual tenets and/or practices • Self declaration • Voluntary • Consultation with community leaders/key users • Criteria and classifications to be explained • Non-core topic
PROPOSALS FOR NEW RECOMMENDATIONS: RELIGION Detailed classification depends on national circumstances – no change proposed to basic classification (1.0) Christianity (1.1) Catholic (1.2) Orthodox (1.3) Protestant (including Anglican, Baptist, Brethren, Calvinist, Evangelical, Lutheran, Methodist, Pentecostal, Pietist, Presbyterian, Reformed, and other Protestant groups) (1.4) Jehovah’s Witnesses (1.5) Oriental Christian (1.6) Other Christian (2.0) Islam (2.1) Alawit (Nusayris) (2.2) Ismaili (Seveners) (2.3) Ithna'ashari (Twelvers) (2.4) Shia (2.5) Sufi (2.6) Sunni (2.7) Zaydi (Fivers) (3.0) Judaism (4.0) Buddhism (5.0) Hinduism (6.0) Sikhism (7.0) Other religious groups (8.0) No religion
PROPOSALS FOR NEW RECOMMENDATIONS: RELIGION • Issues for discussion • Should the topic be CORE? • Should the topic be VOLUNTARY or • MANDATORY? • Should the classification be revised, for example: • - Fewer categories of Christian? • - Fewer categories of Islam? • - More ‘other’ categories – if so which ones? • - Put ‘No religion’ first?
PROPOSALS FOR NEW RECOMMENDATIONS: LANGUAGE • No substantive changes. Main features cover: • Relevant for understanding cultural diversity • Information used for monitoring equality and discrimination • Subjective, politically sensitive • Often relates to very small populations – thus • potentially disclosive in outputs • Options for type information to be collected • remain unchanged: • (a) Mother tongue, defined as the first language spoken in early • childhood at home. • (b) Main language, defined as the language which the • person commands best. • (c) Usual language(s), defined as the ones most often • spoken at home and/or work. • (d) Knowledge of language(s), defined as the ability to • speak and/or write one or more designated languages • Countries to decide which is/are most appropriate • Consultation with community leaders/key users • Criteria and classifications to be explained • Classifications should be as comprehensive as possible and should • attempt to identify regional or languages/dialects and sign language • Non-core
PROPOSALS FOR NEW RECOMMENDATIONS: LANGUAGE • Issues for discussion • Should the topic be CORE? • If so, which type of information should be recommended? • And should the CESR then attempt to propose • a FORMAL CLASSIFICATION? • What other language-related questions might be proposed?