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Phonology

Phonology. suprasegmental. segmental. “ segments of sound” ( What you say) "cat" consists of three segments, represented as "c", "a", and "t" in the spelling. Phonologists are interested in why, for example, there is an English word "cat", and another English word "act",

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Phonology

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  1. Phonology • suprasegmental segmental “segments of sound” ( What you say) "cat" consists of three segments, represented as "c", "a", and "t" in the spelling. Phonologists are interested in why, for example, there is an English word "cat", and another English word "act", but no "cta" or "tca". “How you say what you say” , such as structure of syllable tone, stress and intonation.

  2. Segmental phonology: • A phoneme is ………………. Pot Pit Pat Putt Put • Segments Man= /M/ /a/ /n/

  3. Suprasegmental phonology: • syllables. • intonation. • stress.

  4. 1-The Syllable

  5. Syllables are usually described as consisting of a centre which has little or no obstruction to airflow. • Definition: A syllable is a unit of sound. For example, the word water is composed of two syllables: wa and ter

  6. Types of Syllables: 1- Minimum Syllable Are - Or - Err 2- Onset Bar - Car 3- Coda Am - Ease 4- Onset& Coda Fill - Sat - Ran

  7. The Structure of English Syllable • When we have 2 or more consonants together, we call them CONSONANT CLUSTER

  8. What is a consonant cluster?

  9. Definition: A consonant cluster is a group or sequence of consonants that appear together in a syllable without a vowel between them.

  10. Examples

  11. Here are some examples of consonant clusters:   • \sp\ and \ts\ in the word spots • \spr\ in the word spray

  12. frog

  13. tank

  14. clock

  15. star

  16. pram

  17. crab

  18. desk

  19. drum

  20. What colour? black

  21. What colour? pink

  22. Remember: • Consonant clusters can appear at the beginning and/ or the end of a word.

  23. There are 2 types of initial two-consonant clusters: 1- ( s ) + a consonant Smoke S= pre-initial M= initial What about (speak)?

  24. 2- consonant +( l, r, w or j ) Play P= initial L= post-initial What about (fly)?

  25. Initial Three consonant clusters • Spread S= pre-initial P= initial R= post-initial Other Examples: String… Spring…

  26. Final consonant clusters • Here we find the possibility of up to FOUR CONSONANTS at the end of a word. • Any consonant may be a final consonant except h, r, w, j

  27. There are two types of twofinal consonant clusters: 1- A final consonant preceded by a pre-final consonant. Example: Bank n=pre-final k= final Belt 2- a final consonant followed by a post-final consonant. Examples: Beds d=final s=post-final Eighth

  28. There are 2 types of final three consonant clusters: 1- pre-final+ final+ post-final (helped). 2- more than one post-final (lapsed).

  29. Final Four consonant clusters: • Pre-final+final+postfinal1+postfinal2. • Example: twelfths

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