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FISH

FISH. Fish Classification. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Agnatha ( Jawless Fish) Class Chondrichthyes ( Cartilaginous Fish) Class Osteichthyes ( Bony Fish). Fish first appeared in the Earth’s oceans 540 MILLION years ago. Fishes are WATER - dwelling vertebrates

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FISH

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  1. FISH

  2. Fish Classification • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Class Agnatha ( Jawless Fish) • Class Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish) • Class Osteichthyes ( Bony Fish)

  3. Fish first appeared in the Earth’s oceans 540 MILLION years ago. • Fishes are WATER - dwelling vertebrates • Characteristics: • SCALES • FINS • THROATS WITH GILL SLITS

  4. LAMPREY

  5. HAGFISH

  6. JAWLES FISH • 1.) These fish are the most PRIMITATIVE of all fishes (THEY ARE THE OLDEST!) • 2.) NO JAWS, SCALES, and PAIRED FINS. • 3.) The entire skeleton is made of CARTILAGE. • Meaning these fish do not have any BONES.

  7. JAWLESS FISH • 4.) The main form of support these fish have is from the NOTOCHORD. • 5.) Examples: LAMPREY and HAGFISH

  8. JAWLESS FISH • 6.) LAMPREYhas a suction-cup mouth, which is surrounded by sharp teeth. This mouth will attach to a fish and scrapes away at the fish’s skin. • The lamprey then sucks up the TISSUESof its victim!

  9. JAWLESS FISH • 7.) The hagfish uses four to six short TENTACLESthat sound its nostrils and mouth as its sensory organ for TOUCH. • 8.) The hagfish feeds on DEAD or dying fishes by TEARINGout pieces of the fish with its tongue and teeth-like structures.

  10. TIGER SHARK

  11. GREAT WHITE SHARK

  12. BULLNOSED RAY

  13. CARTILAGENOUS FISH • 1.) Cartilaginous fishes mainly includeSHARKS, RAYS, and SKATES. • 2.) Sharks have a skeleton made of CARTILAGE • with toothlikeSCALEScovering their bodies (makes their skin feel like sandpaper). • 3.) The body of a shark includes: • a. TORPEDO-SHAPED BODY • b. CURVED TAIL • c. ROUNDED SNOUT WITH MOUTH UNDERNEATH

  14. CARTILAGENOUS FISH • 4.) Sharks have 3,000very long teeth arranged in many rows inside its mouth. • 5.) Sharks that eat MOLLUSCSand CRUSTACEANShave FLATTENEDteeth that help them CRUSHthe shells of their prey. • 6.) The bodies of skates and rays are FLAT.

  15. CARTILAGENOUS FISH • 7.) Skates and rays have two LARGE, BROAD fins that stick out from their sides. They beat these fins to MOVEthrough the water. • 8.) Rays and skates often lie on the ocean FLOORwhere they HIDEby using their fins to cover their bodies with sand. • 9.) Some rays have a poisonous SPINEat the end of their long, thin tail, which is mainly used for DEFENSErather than for catching PREY.

  16. ROCK BASS

  17. BROOK TROUT

  18. BLUEGILL SUNFISH

  19. CARP

  20. FLATHEAD CATFISH

  21. NORTHERN PIKE

  22. STRIPED BASS

  23. COELACANTH

  24. YELLOW PERCH

  25. ATLANTIC SALMON

  26. BONY FISH • 1.) These fish have a skeleton made up of HARDBONE. • 2.) There are two main categories of bony fishes: • a.) LOBE-FINNEDbony fishes • b.) RAY-FINNEDbony fishes

  27. 3.) Ray-finned bony fishes include PERCHESand SEAHORSES. • 4.) COELACANTHSare the only living species of lobe-finned bony fishes.

  28. 5.) Bony fishes have an SWIMBLADDER. • This gas-filled sac gives bony fishes BUOYANCYor the ability to FLOATin water. • By inflating or deflating its swim bladder, a fish can float at DIFFERENTlevels in the water.

  29. So why do fish “belly up” when they die?

  30. 6.) Tuna travel in large numbers called SCHOOLS. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzZhSl_00pI&feature=related

  31. 1.) Circulatory System: • CLOSEDcirculatory system, where BLOODis contained within blood vessels. • GILLSwill provide the oxygen • Chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body: ATRIA • Chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the body: VENTRICLE

  32. 2.) EXCRETORY SYSTEM • Tube-like KIDNEYSthat filter nitrogen-containing WASTESfrom the blood. • Most fishes get rid of the nitrogen-containing wastes in the form of AMMONIA. • This accumulation of ammonia is why you must always check the water quality of your aquariums!

  33. AQUARIUM NITROGEN CYCLE

  34. 3.) SENSORY DETECTION • Since fishes do not hear sounds very well, fish can detect faint CURRENTSand VIBRATIONSin the water through a “ DISTANT - TOUCH” system. • Many fishes have a great sense of smell and taste. A shark can detect the presence of one drop of BLOODin 115 liters of seawater.

  35. FISH REPRODUCTION • EXTERNALFERTILIZATION • The female lays EGGSin water, and the MALEwill cover the eggs in sperm to allow for fertilization OUTSIDEof the body. • Examples: SALMON • http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/lessons/the-lifecycle-of-salmon/enhanced-video-resource/7395/

  36. FISH REPRODUCTION • INTERNAL FERTILIZATION • Fertilization will take place in the female’s body and the female will lay a FERTILIZEDegg. • Examples: SHARKS

  37. AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS

  38. FRESHWATER VS. MARINE FISH

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