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Ecology and Biomes The study of the interactions of organism with their environment

Ecology and Biomes The study of the interactions of organism with their environment. H. Biology. What is Ecology?. The study of organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment. Earth Spheres .

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Ecology and Biomes The study of the interactions of organism with their environment

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  1. Ecology and BiomesThe study of the interactions of organism with their environment H. Biology

  2. What is Ecology? • The study of organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment.

  3. Earth Spheres • Four major parts of Earth work together as a complex system: land, water, air, and life. • These parts can be broken into 4 spheres of the Earth: • Geosphere – Land • Hydrosphere – Water • Atmosphere – Air • Biosphere – Life

  4. Geosphere and Hydrosphere Geosphere –Land Hydrosphere - Water 71% of the earth is covered by water. 97% of this water is salty and only 3% non-salty freshwater. • Sometimes called the Lithosphere (which is a the top most layer of the earth) • More specifically all land and/or rock formations(29% of the earth is terrestrial) including features such as soil, mountains, valleys, and deserts

  5. Atmosphere and Biosphere Atmosphere - Air Biosphere - Life Includes all living organisms; microorganisms, plants, and animals. • From the earth’s surface to 10,000 km above. The upper atmosphere’s ozone protects the earth from harmful UV rays

  6. How is the Biosphere Organized? • In ecology we can organize life (from small to large) : • Organism – 1 individual living thing: made of cells/DNA • Species-group of the same organisms that can interbred • Population – group of the same organisms living in the same place at the same time that can interbreed. • Community–group of the DIFFERENT organisms (populations) living in the same place at the same time. • Ecosystem (includes BIOMES)–All abiotic (nonliving) and biotic (living) factors in an area • Biosphere – all ecosystems taken together on Earth(includes all living organisms globally) LEAST inclusive (SPECIFIC) MOST inclusive (BROADEST)

  7. What are Ecosystems? • Just by identifying their location in the world, we can make many assumptions about the ecosystems that make up the biomes. • Ecosystems consist of : • Biotic factors– living organisms • Abiotic factors - non-living factors: • Rocks, minerals, soil • Temperature, precipitation Can you identify the abiotic and biotic factors in these ecosystems?

  8. Abiotic and Biotic Factors Tropical Rainforest Tundra  Abiotic Factors: hot and wet year-round; thin, nutrient-poor soils Biotic Factors: Ferns, Orchids, Monkeys, Frogs, etc. • Abiotic Factors: strong winds; low precipitation; short and soggy summers; long, cold, and dark winters;. poorly developed soils; permafrost • Biotic Factors:Mosses, Polar Bears

  9. Biomes • A biome can be thought of as many similar ecosystems throughout the world grouped together • Usually characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities that thrive there. • Identified by biotic and abiotic factors • Major Biomes: • Terrestrial (Land) • Tundra • Tropical Rain Forest • Temperate Rain Forest • Taiga (Boreal or Coniferous Forest) • Desert • Grasslands (Prairie or Savannah) • Temperate (Deciduous) Forest • - Water • Freshwater • Marine

  10. Biomes

  11. What is Biodiversity? • Biodiversity is the assortment or variety of living things in an ecosystem. • What is an example of a biome with HIGH biodiversity? • Why is biodiversity important?

  12. Biomes are determined by the Climate Conditions • What is climate? • Long-term patterns of weather conditions • Includes average temperature and precipitation levels • How is it different than weather? • Day-to day versus long-term • What is a microclimate? • Climate of a small-specific place within a larger area

  13. What determines Climate? • Influence of Sunlight • Three Main Climate Zones • Polar • Temperate • Tropical • Why do these zones exist?

  14. What determines Climate? • Air and Water Movement • Air and Water are also heated by the sun • Warm air rises and cools leading to precipitation and water currents • Landmasses • Waterbodies - Areas closer to bodies of water generally have more evaporation, thus higher humidity and more precipitation • Mountains – Mountains cause air to rise and cool causing precipitation on one side. Far side of mountains usually has a rain shadow.

  15. What is a Community, Population, and Individual? • An ecological community is various populations living and interacting in the same place called a habitat (Milo & Me) • A population is a group of living organisms of the same kind living in the same place (habitat) at the same time (our class) • The habitat must supply the needs of organisms, such as food, water, temperature, oxygen, and minerals.

  16. Habitat & Niche • Habitat is the place a plant or animal lives • “the address” • Nicheis an organism’s role in life • “its address and its job” • All resources used by that organism

  17. What are Population Niches? • Populations live along with other populations in a habitat with many resources • A niche is how a population responds to its resources and enemies. In other words, an environment that has all the things that a particular plant or animal needs in order to live. • Fundamental niche – all the resources that COULD be used by a population • Realized niche – the ACTUAL resources used by a population Why are there different niches for each bird? What resources are available for the birds?

  18. Warbler Niches What might prevent them from obtaining or using all those resources?

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