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Lab 07

Lab 07. Cisco Routers. Project Proposals. Due NOW! Will review after lecture Will discuss with team captain. Overview: Why this lab. Linux tricks Package Management Systems Install new software (minicom) Cisco Router Using a serial terminal to configure a device

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Lab 07

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  1. Lab 07 Cisco Routers

  2. Project Proposals • Due NOW! • Will review after lecture • Will discuss with team captain

  3. Overview: Why this lab • Linux tricks • Package Management Systems • Install new software (minicom) • Cisco Router • Using a serial terminal to configure a device • Cisco router in this case • Resetting a router from an unknown state • Configuring a router • Use of a router to connect different networks

  4. Installing additional software packages

  5. Linux Tricks Packages

  6. Packages • Used to “package” software for Linux distributions • Vary by distribution type • Debian • APT (Advanced Package Management Tool) • .deb files • Red Hat • RPM (RPM Package Management) • Originally Red Hat Package Management) • .rpm files

  7. Package Management System • Aids in the installation, configuring, upgrading and removal of software packages • Several styles • Debian • dpkg – base tool • apt – cli interface • synaptic – gui interface • Red Hat • yum – base tool • Has a cli • PackageKit – gui interface • Plenty of other systems • Mandriva • MPM under dev. • Drakrpm • Slackware • pkgtool

  8. PMS vs. Installer

  9. Installing additional software in Debian • Three ways in Debian: • Apt • Set of commands to install/update/delete packages • Aptitude • Front end to Apt • Synaptic • GUI interface to Apt

  10. APT • Advanced Package Tool • Several tools in system • Apt-setup • Apt-spy • Helps generate sources.list • Apt-cache • Searches for packages • Apt-get • Installs, maintains and removes • Many more!

  11. APT-GET • Syntax: • apt-get [options] [-o config=string] [-c=cfgfile] command [pkg] • Installs dpkgpackaged files • .deb extension • To install a package • Need to know the package name • May need to have root authority • apt-get install pkgname • E.g. apt-get install apache2 • apt-get finds packages based on your sources list • /etc/apt/sources.list • There are other options to help installation and updating • apt-get update … • apt-get remove … • etc…

  12. /etc/apt/sources.list #cat sources.list # # deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 r0 _lenny_ - Official i386 DVD Binary-1 20070407-11:40]/ lennycontrib main deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 r0 _lenny_ - Official i386 DVD Binary-1 20070407-11:40]/ lennycontrib main deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ lenny main deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ lenny main deb http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib deb-src http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib deb http://backports.sipo.nl lenny-backports main non-free deb http://www.backports.org/debian lenny-backports main contrib non-free #

  13. Aptitude • Ncurses (cli “window”) front end • Syntax: • aptitude install package

  14. Synaptic • GUI interface to install packages • Under: System  Administration • May be 1000’s of packages • Can do a search to limit choices • To install: • Scroll to package to install • Click on the S box for that package • Check Mark for installation • Click on Mark in the next window • Click on Apply back in the Synaptic Package Manager window

  15. Important Note! • To install packages your workstation must be in the same network as the package repository • hades.lab • Think! • How do you easily get an address that is in the hades.lab domain?

  16. Cisco Router Lab

  17. Cisco Router • Lab Overview • Use a Cisco router to connect 3 or 4 different networks • Different Class C networks • E.g. • 192.168.10.0 • 192.168.20.0 • 192.168.30.0 • 192.168.40.0 • Use Debian workstations

  18. Separate networks • Remember: If PCs are in different logical networks they cannot communicate • Pinging will not work even if they are on the same physical network • Electronic signal will be seen, but not responded to

  19. Connect 3 or 4 Class C networks with a Cisco router myrouter 192.168.10.1 192.168.20.1 Class C PC 192.168.20.2 Class C PC 192.168.10.2 192.168.30.1 192.168.40.1 Switch Class C PC 192.168.30.2 Class C PC 192.168.40.2 Class C PC 192.168.40.3 Class C PC 192.168.40.4

  20. Lab has 4 steps • Install, configure, and test the Minicom serial terminal (everyone) • You will need Minicom for later labs • Consider saving this VM for later use • Set up the Cisco router • Reset to factory defaults • Set initial configuration • Test to see if the router is routing • Optional: See if can hook two routers together to get all workstations to communicate • Save the configuration and test that it restarts with your last configuration

  21. Serial terminal Minicom

  22. Minicom • Minicom is: • Open source software • A text-based modem controller and terminal emulation program for Unix-like operating systems • Menu driven • Will only use the terminal emulation part

  23. Minicom • Must configure the terminal to communicate to the serial device • Need to set device to communicate to the serial port on the Cisco router • Speed: 9600 • Bits: 8 • Parity: N • Stop bits: 1 • 9600 8n1

  24. Minicom Hints • <ctrl>+A then Z • Shows help menu page • Can enter the letter for an option here • <ctrl>+A then (letter) • Directly does the letter option • Interesting Keys • <ctrl>+A then F • <break> • Special signal to get the attached serial device’s attention • <ctrl>+A then W • Toggle line-wrap • Continues long text on the following line • This is important for this lab! • Important: Don’t forget to release the <ctrl> before hitting the second character!

  25. Minicom Hints • Must have root authority to run Minicom • Or belong to a group allowed r/w access to the serial port • To run minicom type minicom in an appropriate terminal • The first time minicom is run you may need to start it in setup mode: minicom –s • The virtual serial port may be either: • /dev/ttyS0 • /dev/ttyS1

  26. Notes/Warnings • Some workstations have two serial ports • ttyS1 and ttyS0 • Your VM will need to connect its virtual serial port to the workstations physical port • VMPlayer used to connect ttyS0 to ttyS0 and ttyS1 to ttyS1 • Last Debian/VMPlayer upgrade it switched on some VMs, e.g. ttyS0 was connected to ttyS1 • You may need to experiment to find which serial port on your VM is connected to the physical serial port on the VM

  27. Misc:Many other alternatives to minicom • screen • Full screen (text) window manager • Can be used as a serial terminal also • screen /dev/ttyUSB0 9600 • Will control a USB serial device at 9600 bps • Used by the “Pros” • putty • Cross platform • Windows version available • “GUI” • Multi protocol • serial • ssh • telnet

  28. Cisco Router

  29. Reset router • When you get the router it will be in an unknown state • Settings? • Passwords? • Etc… • Need to reset the router to the factory original settings • Not as simple as an easy-to-push reset button • There is no reset button! • There is a specific reset sequence • Done via a serial port

  30. Configure and Test router • Configure the router • Set up passwords • Set up the 3 or 4 ports with IP addresses • E.g. • 192.168.11.1 • 192.168.12.1 • 192.168.13.1 • Etc… • For the 3rd octet use then number of the workstation that will attach to it

  31. Configure and Test router • Explore the router • Unprivileged mode • Basic commands to see router's state • Use “disable” to return to unprivileged mode • Privileged mode • Can change router state • Has several sub modes • Use “enable” to enter • <ctrl>-Z will exit sub states

  32. Configure and Test router • Default router settings • Will monitor its ports • Automatically build routing tables • In this lab we will not do a customized routing table • The router will build its own tables • Hook up VMs with appropriate network addresses to the correct ports • VM address must be in the same network as the router port they are connected to • The Cisco 1841 will create its own routing tables

  33. Advanced: Connect 2 routers together • Disconnect a workstation from each of the routers • Connect routers with a cable • Reconfigure router ports • Test that all can ping • Document for bonus points

  34. Save Configuration • After configuration: • If the router is power cycled • It will resume its last saved state • Need to save the configuration you just set up • Do this as the last item

  35. Equipment etiquette • Return equipment • Routers back to bench • Power cords to storage • Cables back to storage • Hook the PC back to lab network • Log off • Power workstation down

  36. Pro Note • Many sysadmins prefer the screen command • Screen is a screen manager with terminal emulation capability • It is more difficult to set up • Lightweight and “easy” to use • If you know how

  37. Last Notes • Minicom • Connect workstation serial port and router • Turn router on • Should see intelligible messages if Minicom is configured correctly • If not, double check Minicom’s settings • The lab has an example dialog • Do not use verbatim! • Use as a template to guide you • Change the IP addresses for your use • Change the names to your names

  38. Deliverable • Lab report answering the questions and ** items • Include introductory and conclusion • Must have cover sheet! • Do not document text areas with screen captures! • Cut and paste • Redirect output to file

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