Welcome to North Africa!

1. Welcome to North Africa!

3. Sahara - Atlas Mountains - Salt Water Lakes

4. Common Throughout: • Qur’anic Recitation • Pronunciation, intonation, caesuras • Not considered music by Muslims • Zaffa (http://www.zaffa.co.uk/about.php) • Arab musical wedding procession • Instruments: bendir drums, bagpipes, horns, belly dancers (& men carrying flaming swords) • The Zaffa announces that the marriage is about to begin • Is an ancient tradition (pre-dating Islam)

5. 3 Popular Egyptian Musicians: Egypt is considered a transcontinental country Amr Diab: -best-selling Arab recording artist of all time -singer/composer of Geel pop music -blend of Western and Egyptian rhythms -most popular music video: N'eoul Eih www.amrdiab.net

6. Hakim: -Egyptian Singer -First person from an Arab country to perform at a Nobel Peace Prize event Umm Kulthoumm: -considered the greatest female singer in Arab music history -died in 1975 -genre “Arabic Pop”

7. Sudan -Northern Sudanese: -roots in Haqibah, a harmonic a cappella vocal style (uses the riq) -music used to enhance social/political movements Hip-Hop: -represents an avenue for peace -lyrics are used as an educational tool to reach child soldiers

8. Emmanuel Jal • Former child soldier from Sudan • Saw his mother killed by the army he was forced to join • Turned into a hip-hop artist to sing/rap about his experiences • Philanthropist (Gua-Africa, etc) • Emma McCune

9. Ethiopia -Mostly traditional music Is heard (as opposed to popular). A lot of their trad. music is shifting to electronic instrumentation. -Brass Bands: long-standing tradition that was introduced by orphans from Jerusalem -similar to Balkan Gypsy bands -“Irikum” Example

10. The Maghreb: In Islam, a prayer that occurs after sunset. The region translates to “place of sunset” (I.e. west).

11. Libya • Little or no pop music industry • Libyan folk music (Touareg people) includes intricate clapping • Traveling poet singers have spread huda across Libya (camel-drivers’ songs) • The rhythm is said to mimic the feet of a walking camel

12. Tunisia • Malouf: a type of music imported from the Andalucian region of Spain • Translates to “familiar” or “customary” • An emblem of National identity • Highly influenced by Turkish music

13. Algerian Rai • Rai • Algerian Folk music from Bedouin shepherds - combines the sacred & secular • Bedouin: Desert-dwelling Arab ethnic group • Began in 1930’s • Has lyrical themes about social issues • Instruments: Gaspa, Guellal, drum machine, synthesizer • Popular sub-genres: Wahrani, pop rai, Rai rock, Rai n’ B • Important Musician: Cheb Khaled (1992 Album - Khaled),

14. Algerian chaabi • chaabi (popular): • frequently found in weddings/ceremonies • Formalized by: El Hadj M’Hamed El Anka • (d. 1978) - performed chaabi for 50 yrs • Notable song: “Lahmam lirabitou” • Inspired by Arab Andalucian music & Spanish flamenco • Typical song: Mournful Arabic/Berber vocals w/ accompaniment

15. Morocco • Moroccan chaabi: frequently found in weddings/ceremonies • Similar to Rai (desert folk music) • Artist: Najat Aatabou • Song: “Hadi Kedba Bayna" ("Just Tell Me The Truth") • Sampled by the Chemical Brothers - “Galvanize” • British electronic dance duo

16. Mauritania • Music is predominantly Moorish • Musicians are the lowest caste (iggawin) • Their role: to spread news between villages 3 ways to play in the Mauritanian Tradition: “the white way” - Moors of North African stock “the black way” - Moors of Sub-Saharan stock “the mixed way” - Ex: Bena & Beiba (“the black way”)