Welcome to…

1. Welcome to… The Periodic Table Created by Mrs. Sarah L. Beery Physical Science Enter here

2. Special Instructions To hear the text of any screen read to you, click on the speaker icon located on the top right corner of each slide. Continue

3. Creating the Periodic Table Elemental Knowledge Choose the path you wish to take. To return to this menu at any time, click the GREEN home button.

4. Creating The Periodic Table Organization Trends Classification To continue, please choose a topic. To return to this menu, click the RED return arrow.

5. A slight review Let’s recall some vocabulary: An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Atomic numberequals the number of protons in an atom of that element. Atomic massis the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of that atom. Atomic Number 82 Pb 207.2 Element Atomic mass Continue

6. Organizationof the Periodic Table The modern periodic table is organized into 2 ways: Rows Columns and To continue, choose a topic.

7. A row goes across. Rows in the periodic table are called periods. Do you notice anything unusual? Click continue to find out. Continue

8. Vocabulary An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Atomic Numberequals the number of protons in an atom of that element. Atomic massis the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of that atom. PeriodA row in the periodic table. GroupA column in the periodic table. TrendA pattern in the way something is arranged. Go Back

9. Rows Remember, each row on the periodic table is called a period. Period 1 has two elements. Periods 2 and 3 have 8 elements. Periods 4 and 5 have 18 elements. Period 6 has 32 elements. Each row is numbered on the left hand side of the periodic table. Normally, these two rows, from La to Yb and Ac to No, appear below the periodic table. These are called the Lanthanide series and the Actinide series. Continue

10. Rows As we look at the periods, notice two things: both atomic number and atomic mass increase. Remember, these are the Lanthanide series and the Actinide series! Learn about Columns Continue

11. Since we know that rows go across, then columns must go… Up Down and Continue

12. Columns Each column on the periodic table is called a group. The elements within a group have similar properties. Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups. The columns are often numbered with roman numerals and either an A or a B. The most common columns are usually referred to as Group 1, Group 8, etc., and this stands for the A columns. Continue

13. Columns There are 8 special groups on the periodic table that we will learn more about under the “Trends” topic and “Elemental Knowledge”. Click continue to take a quiz on what you have learned so far. Learn about rows Continue

14. Before we continue too much further, let’s see what you remember about rows and columns. Good Luck! Review QUIZ

15. Question 1 • Atomic number tells us how many _________ an element contains. • Electrons • Protons • Neutrons • Rows

16. Question 2 Rows in the periodic table are called • Groups • Periods

17. Question 3 Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into • Groups • Periods

18. Oops! Not quite the answer we were looking for! Please try again!

19. Continue Great Job! The atomic number of an element tells us how many protons an element has. 82 Pb 207.2 ATOMIC NUMBER

20. Outstanding! Rows in the periodic table are called periods. Columns are called groups. Continue

21. Great Job! Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups. Continue

22. Trends The periodic table contains many different trends, or patterns in the way the elements are arranged. The easiest trend to see is atomic number. As we move from left to right across the periodic table, the atomic number increases. The atomic mass (or atomic weight) also increases in this same way. Right Left For a closeup of this trend, click on the periodic table. Continue

23. Even though this is only part of the periodic table, it is easy to see that both atomic number and atomic mass are increasing. Continue

24. Trends There are many other important trends in the periodic table. Choose one to learn more about it. • Atomic radius • Effective Nuclear Charge • Ionization Energy

25. Atomic Radius The atomic radius is the distance from an atom’s nucleus to the atom’s outer shell. The atomic radius decreases as we go from left to right across the periodic table. Decreases Continue

26. Effective Nuclear Charge nucleus As we go from left to right across the periodic table, effective nuclear charge. Effective nuclear charge is the nuclear charge felt by the electrons in the outer shell. increases. + e- outer shell electron Continue

27. Ionization Energy Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an outer shell electron. As we go across the periodic table, the i.e. increases from left to right. I n c r e a s e s Continue

28. Trends There are many other important trends in the periodic table. Choose one to learn more about it. • Atomic radius • Effective Nuclear Charge • Ionization Energy Quiz

29. All right! Time for the second quiz. Click continue to take the quiz, or go back and review a little bit. Good Luck! Continue Review

30. Question 1 Which periodic trend decreases as we go from left to right across the periodic table? • Atomic mass • Effective nuclear charge • Atomic radius • Ionization energy

31. Way to go! Atomic mass, effective nuclear charge, and ionization energy all increase as we go across the periodic table. Atomic radius decreases. Continue

32. Question 2 Define effective nuclear charge. • A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. • The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of that atom. • The amount of energy required to remove an outer shell electron. D. The nuclear charge felt by the electrons in the outer shell.

33. Superb! Effective nuclear charge is the nuclear charge felt by the electrons in the outer shell. Continue

34. Question 3 What is a trend? • A pattern in how the elements are arranged • A formula for an element or compound • Another name for ionization energy • The right way to look at the periodic table

35. Outstanding! A trend is a pattern in the way the elements are arranged. Continue

36. Classification When we classify the periodic table, we want to sort the elements into several categories. The easiest way to do this is to sort them into Metals Nonmetals and Metalloids To continue, choose a topic from above.

37. METALS Before we get into this too much further, what do you remember about metals? Are they… • Okay conductors of heat and electricity? • Ductile and malleable? • Nonductile and nonmalleable? • Always solid at room temperature?

38. METALS Actually, metals are GREAT conductors of heat and electricity! Continue

39. METALS Yes! Metals are both malleable and ductile. Malleable means that metals can be hammered into different shapes or bent without breaking. Ductile means that they can be drawn into wires. GREAT JOB! Continue

40. METALS Actually, nonmetals are nonductile and nonmalleable. Good try! Continue

41. METALS Actually, metals are NOT all solid at room temperature! Mercury (Hg), gallium (Ga), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr) are all liquid at room temp. Continue

42. METALS Some general facts…  About 85% of the known elements are metals  Metals are generally shiny, opaque, and good condcutors of heat and electricity  Metals are malleable and ductile  Most metals are solid at room temp. Exceptions: Hg, Ga, Cs, Fr  Found on the left hand side of the periodic table. VIEW Continue

43. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Continue

44. Nonmetals Some general facts… • Poor conductors of heat and electricity • Usually transparent • Neither malleable nor ductile • Some are solid, some are liquid, some are gas at room temperature • Found on the right hand side of the periodic table VIEW Continue

45. Metalloids Some general facts… • Six elements are considered metalloids: boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and tellerium (Te) • Have both metallic and nonmetallic properties • Weak conductors of electricity – used as semiconductors • Found on the right hand side of the periodic table VIEW Continue

46. Classification When we classify the periodic table, we want to sort the elements into several categories. The easiest way to do this is to sort them into Metals Nonmetals and Metalloids Quiz To continue, choose a topic from above.

47. Question 1 Which elements are semiconductors? • Metals • Nonmetals • Metalloids

48. Great Job Metalloids are weak conductors (or semiconductors) of electricity. Metals are good conductors, and nonmetals are poor conductors. Continue

49. Question 2 Which elements are ductile and malleable? A. Metals B. Nonmetals C. Metalloids

50. Fantastic! Metals are malleable and ductile, while nonmetals aren’t and metalloids can only be shaped a little. Continue