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Final Solution

Final Solution. Hitler. 1923 – Beer Hall Putsch – imprisoned – Mein Kampf Medieval-style irrational prejudice on Jews. Hitler. Jan 30 1933 appointed CHANCELLOR March 21 1933 DACHAU – 1st concentration camp  worldwide protest = „Jewish plot“  launches an ANTI-JEWISH CAMPAIGN

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Final Solution

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  1. Final Solution

  2. Hitler • 1923 – Beer Hall Putsch – imprisoned – Mein Kampf • Medieval-style irrational prejudice on Jews

  3. Hitler • Jan 30 1933 appointed CHANCELLOR • March 21 1933 DACHAU – 1st concentration camp worldwide protest = „Jewish plot“  launches an ANTI-JEWISH CAMPAIGN • April 1 1933 GENERAL BOYCOTT OF JEWISH SHOPS AND PROFESSIONALS (students, professors, judges)

  4. The Nuremberg Laws • 1933-35 Discriminatory Legislation • Sep 15 1935 Nuremberg Laws • CLEAR DEFINITION OF A JEW

  5. The Nuremberg Laws • The Law for the Protection of German blood and German Honor • The Reich Citizenship Law • Reich Citizens x Nationals (State Members) • A Jew can not be Reich Citizen = NO POLITICAL RIGHTS

  6. The 2nd Phase of Persecution 1938- 1942 • The Night of Broken Glass • Nov. 9-10 1938 • German diplomat Ernst vom Rath assasinated by a German-born Polish Jewish boy Herschel Grynszpan • COORDINATED ATTACK on Jewish people and their property • 91 Jews murdered • 25 000 – 30 000 arrested and deported • 200+ synagogues destroyed

  7. The 2nd Phase of Persecution 1938- 1942 • The Night of Broken Glass • HJ´s, Gestapo, SS, SA • Means for the confiscation of firearms from Jews • Followed by economic and political persecutions = BEGINING OF THE FINAL SOLUTION

  8. THE HOLOCAUSTThe Last Phase of the Persecution of the Jews = Final Solution • Wansee, Jan 20 1942 • 1st Vernichtungslager in CHELMNO, summer 1941 • Heydrich • goal= removal of the Jews from the Lebensraum of the German people • Emigration „had become a problem“: 537 000 Jews • 2nd solution: EVACUATION OF THE JEWS TO THE EAST

  9. THE HOLOCAUSTThe Last Phase of the Persecution of the Jews = Final Solution • Wansee, Jan 20 1942 • Slovakia + Croatia „the essential and crucial problems have already been solved“ • Slovakia – June 1941 • Croatia – July 1941 • First deportations, concentration camps and genocide

  10. THE HOLOCAUSTThe Last Phase of the Persecution of the Jews = Final Solution • Wansee, Jan 20 1942 • Northern countries „omitted for the time being“

  11. THE HOLOCAUSTThe Last Phase of the Persecution of the Jews = Final Solution • Wansee, Jan 20 1942 • Final Solution welcomed by the military governor of Poland „Jews constitute a substantial danger as carriers of epidemics and most of them are useless.“ – First targets

  12. RESISTANCE • Warszaw Ghetto Uprising • April 19- May 16 1943 • THE LARGEST SINGLE JEWISH REVOLT during WWII • Mordechai Anielewicz letter to Antek Yitzhak Zuckerman • Read at the Eichman trial in 1961 • ABOVE ALL A SYMBOL TO SHOW THAT JEWS DID NOT DIE WILLINGLY

  13. RESISTANCE • Uprisings in: • Treblinka, Aug 1943 • Sobibor, Oct 1943  closed • Auschwitz, Oct 1944

  14. Reaction of the International Community • Bermuda Conference • Apr 19-30 1943 • Extended mandate of the Inter-Governmental Comitee on Refugees • Set up in 1938 – EVIAN conference • BUT THE PROBLEM WAS NO LONGER ONE OF REFUGEES NO REAL MEASURES WERE TAKEN

  15. Reaction of the International Community • Shocking indifference • Shmuel Zygelboym (BUND) • 1940 escaped Poland • Implored the governments to take retaliatory and rescue action • Committed suicide to protest against the world´s indifference, May 11 1943 • Letter in NY Times, June 4 1943

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