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Romantic Period

Romantic Period. 1820-1900. Recap from Monday. Chopin: Polish “poet of the piano” Shy, rarely gave public recitals, played in intimate salons Short piano works such as nocturnes, preludes, mazurkas, études , and polonaises Program Music (as opposed to absolute)

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Romantic Period

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  1. Romantic Period 1820-1900

  2. Recap from Monday • Chopin: Polish “poet of the piano” • Shy, rarely gave public recitals, played in intimate salons • Short piano works such as nocturnes, preludes, mazurkas, études, and polonaises • Program Music (as opposed to absolute) • associated with a story or specific idea • no lyrics • commonly represents birds, storms, bells, rivers, etc.

  3. Recap • Hector Berlioz: French composer • Known for innovative orchestration • Famous for Symphoniefantastique, a program symphony depicting his love for Harriet Smithson • We listened to the March to the Scaffold. Know about that. • Nationalism: Intense devotion and pride for one’s country • Modest Mussorgsky—Russian composer of Pictures at an Exhibition including “The Great Gate of Kiev” • Bedrich Smetana—Czech composer of The Moldau • AntoninDvǒrák—Czech composer who came to America to direct the National Conservatory in NY, spent summer in Iowa and gained interest in Native American and African-American tunes, wrote New World Symphony

  4. Peter Tchaikovsky • Russian composer (1840-1893) • 6 symphonies, 1812 Overture • Ballets: Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, Nutcracker • Famous piano concerto

  5. Gustav Mahler • Austrian (1860-1911) • Jewish heritage, converted to Protestantism • Famous as a conductor in Europe and NY • 9 symphonies • Used chorus in 4 of these (like Beethoven) • Symphonies are very monumental in length and number of performers (one is known as “the Symphony of a Thousand” and is an hour and a half long with a huge orchestra, 8 solo singers, a boys’ choir, and 2 choruses

  6. Opera in the Romantic Period • Many works demonstrate exoticism, a fascination with foreign lands. • Giacomo Puccini: Italian composer of La Bohème and Madame Butterfly (Japan) • Giuseppe Verdi: Italian composer of operas very popular with the public • Nabucco—contains a chorus that became a national liberation hymn during Austrian dominance • Rigoletto, Il Travatore, La Traviata (somewhat scandalous topics) • Aïda—about an Egyptian princess • Serious operas often had tragic endings

  7. Richard Wagner • German composer (1813-1883) • Famous for massive operas • The Ring cycle: a group of 4 long operas based on Nordic legends, very supernatural • He wrote the libretto (text) and the music. He also built a theater (Beyreuth) specifically for his operas and oversaw the rehearsals, costuming, and pretty much anything else. • These had music that resembled speech, gave no time for applause after arias, and gave new importance to the orchestra. • Personality • Very dark, stormy, and egotistical • He was in debt to many people and never repaid them • Anti-Semitic

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