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Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and Technology

Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and Technology. 2001. 2. 15. 이영찬 yclee@sktelecom.com. SK Telecom. 목차. Wireless Data Mobile Network cdma2000 1X gmsGPRS 와 umtsGPRS GPRS & Mobile IP EDGE & 1X EV-DO/DV EDGE 1X EV-DO 1X EV-DV UMTS Data Network 구성 및 진화 Conclusion.

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Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and Technology

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  1. Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and Technology • 2001. 2. 15. • 이영찬 • yclee@sktelecom.com SK Telecom

  2. 목차 • Wireless Data Mobile Network • cdma2000 1X • gmsGPRS 와 umtsGPRS • GPRS & Mobile IP • EDGE & 1X EV-DO/DV • EDGE • 1X EV-DO • 1X EV-DV • UMTS Data Network 구성 및 진화 • Conclusion

  3. Wireless Data Mobile Network(1) 2G 3G 621Kbps(2.457Mbps) 1.2Mbps(5.184Mbps) 1X EV-DO/DV 144Kbps(307.2Kbps) 9.6 ~14.4Kbps IMT-2000 MC cdma2000 3x cdma2000 1X IS-95A IS-95B 64Kbps (115.2Kbps) 144~2Mbps 384Kbps (473.6Kbps) EDGE 115.2Kbps(171.2Kbps) 9.6Kbps GPRS GSM IMT-2000DS (UMTS) HSCSD 144~2Mbps 28.8Kbps (57.6Kbps) 9.6Kbps 28.8Kbps PDC-P PDC

  4. Wireless Data Mobile Network(2) 2G 3G 1.25(MHz) 1X EV-DO /DV 1.25(MHz) 1.25(MHz) 1.25(MHz) IMT-2000 MC cdma2000 3x cdma2000 1X IS-95A IS-95B 1.25(MHz) x 3 25(KHz) x 8 EDGE 25(KHz) x 4 25KHz GPRS GSM IMT-2000DS (UMTS) HSCSD 25(KHz) x 8 5(MHz) 25KHz PDC-P PDC CDMA TDMA

  5. Wireless Data Mobile Network(3) Technology Single Channel Peak Rate Channel Conc. Multi-Channel Peak Rate Average Data Throughput cdma2000 1X (Phase 1) 153.6 Kbps 1 153.6 Kbps 150 Kbps cdma2000 1X (Rel. A) 307.2 Kbps 2 614.4 Kbps 415 Kbps gsmGPRS(200KHz) 21.4 Kbps 8 171.2 Kbps 115 Kbps cdma2000 3X MC 2.072 Mbps 3(6) 2.072 Mbps 1117 Kbps W-CDMA(5MHz) (umtsGPRS) 2.048 Mbps 1 2.048 Mbps 1126 Kbps cdma2000 1X EV-DO (HDR) 2.457 Mbps (153.6 Kbps) 1 - 621 Kbps cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME) 345.6 Kbps 15 5.184 Mbps (614.4 Kbps) 1.2 Mbps EDGE(200KHz) 59.2 Kbps 8 473.6 Kbps 384 Kbps ** 규격 기반의 자료로 실제 상용 장비는 현재 최소 규격만을 만족 11/16

  6. cdma2000 1X 구 분 Description 데이터 서비스 • 1X RTT : 144kbps • 패킷 데이터 지원 : MAC기능 시스템 용량 • Increased by 1.5 - 2 times (IS-95A/B 비교) • Code 채널 수 : 128 Walsh/1X 역방향 호환성 • 95A/95B시스템과의 호환성 지원 단말기 대기시간 • 2배(Quick Paging 채널을 이용) 변조방식 • Turbo Code Data QPSK, Complex PN Spreading 전력제어 • 고속 순방향 전력제어(800Hz) TX Scheme • 역방향 Continuous Transmission, Biomedical 간섭 최소 OTD • Orthogonal Code를 이용한 송신 다이버시티

  7. cdma2000 1X • Phase 1 • Peak Data Rate = 153.6kbps; • Throughput/Capacity = 150kbps • Release A • Peak Data Rate = 614.4kbps (2 channel concatenation) • Throughput/Capacity = 415kbps • Flexibility to Deploy Data Only Carriers to Maximize End-User Data Rates • Backward Compatible with IS-95A/B • Supports seamless handoffs between A/B/1X, carrier overlay, and overflow of both voice and data through load management • Supports Voice, Mixed Voice/Data, and Real-Time 2-Way Services on a Single Carrier • Dynamically Optimizes Data Capacity Based on Underlying Voice Utilization • Extension of IS-95B commercial deployments

  8. cdma2000 1X Data Network 3 <Mobile IP 참조 모델> 4 2 7 6 8 1 5,10 9 ** 1x EV-DO는 데이터 전용서비스로 ESN(Electronic Serial Number-일명 hexa)이 없이 가입자의 id와 password만으로 인증을

  9. Packet Data Dormant State

  10. gsmGPRS 와 umtsGPRS 비교 항목 gsmGPRS (GPRS Phase 1) umtsGPRS (GPRS Phase 2, GPRS EV) Fixed Network IP & X.25 IP 위주 Service Non Real-time Packet (순수한 Data Service) Real-time Packet 포함 (Packet 영상통화도 가능) Standard Rel. 97 (GSM Phase 2+) Rel. 99, Rel. 4, 5 Access 200 KHz (TDMA) 5 MHz (CDMA) - BSC + PCU (Gb) RNC (Iu-PS) GTP SGSN  GGSN RNC GGSN 11/16

  11. TE gsmGPRS Reference Model SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC SM-SC E C Gd MSC/VLR HLR D Gs Gc A Gb Gr TE MT BSS SGSN GGSN PDN R Um Gn Gi Gn Gp Gf EIR SGSN GGSN Other PLMN Signalling Interface Signalling and Data Transfer Interface GSM GPRS other

  12. gsmGPRS Features • Key User Features of GPRS • Nonvoice value added service • Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps • Immediacy : 0.5 ~ 1 sec • Quality of Service • Key Network Features of GPRS • Packet Switching • Spectrum Efficiency • GSM and GPRS share the same radio resources • Internet Aware • End-to-end IP delivery • Support SMS and Paging • Support GSM and TDMA(IS-136) • Designed to support IP and X25

  13. gsmGPRS Limitations • Limitations of GPRS • Limited Cell Capacity • Speeds much Lower in Reality : 30 ~ 50 Kbps • Transit Delays • no Store and Forward • QoS improvement needed • GPRS was not design to provide Real Time services. • Impossible to have different QoS IP flows within one PDP context activation • Mobile-specific standard • difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards (IP Mobility, IP QoS). • The mobile network operator could experience a difficult interoperability with Internet and miss the opportunity of using cheaper and fast evolving IP products

  14. gsmGPRS User Plane Application IP IP end to end / X.25 end to end IP / X.25 IP / X.25 GTP Tunnel SNDCP SNDCP GTP GTP LLC Tunnel(virtual circuits) LLC LLC UDP/IP UDP/IP LLC Relay RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP L2 L2 Frame Frame MAC MAC Relay Relay GSM PL GSM PL L1bis L1bis L1 L1 Um Gb Gn Gi MS BSS SGSN GGSN • To support in the same way IP and X.25 data • Not fully optimized for IP data • GTP was designed for this • heavy 3 layer protocol stack

  15. Node B Packet RNC network Uu PSTN Iu MSC SMS-GMSC HLR/AuC Iu Gs Gr Gd Gr Gd Serving GPRS Packet Corporate 1 Gs Support Node SS7 network Server Network Gn (SGSN) EIR GPRS Border INFRASTRUCTURE MAP-F Intra-PLMN Gateway (BG) Packet Gc backbone Inter-PLMN Router network network Local Backbone (IP based) Firewall Gp network area Data network Packet Firewall network network Gn (Internet) Gi.IP Gateway GPRS Corporate 2 Support Node Server (GGSN) Router Local area network umtsGPRS Network IGSN : Integrated SGSN/GGSN, SGSN : Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN : Gateway GPRS Support Node, BG : Border Gateway

  16. umtsGPRS Features • Key User Features of GPRS • (Nonvoice value added service) VoIP Support • (Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps) 144 Kbps ~ 2 Mbps • Immediacy : 0.5 ~ 1 sec • Quality of Service • Key Network Features of GPRS • Packet Switching • Spectrum Efficiency • (GSM and GPRS) PS and CS share the same radio resources • Internet Aware • End-to-end IP delivery • Support SMS and Paging • Support GSM and TDMA(IS-136) • Designed to support IP and X25

  17. umtsGPRS Limitations • Limitations of GPRS • (Limited Cell Capacity)Built-in support for future capacity enhancements • Adaptive antennas • Advanced receiver structures : Interference cancellation, MUD • Speeds much Lower in Reality : 30 ~ 50 Kbps • (Transit Delays) Low Delays : 10ms frame length • no Store and Forward • QoS improvement needed • (GPRS was not) UMTS was designedto provide Real Time services. • (Impossible to have different QoS IP flows within one PDP context activation)High service flexibility with support of multiple parallel variable rate services on one connection : variable spreading and multi-code operation • Mobile-specific standard • (difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards : IP Mobility, IP QoS) • GPRS and Mobile IP Integration (future)

  18. umtsGPRS User Plane Application IP IP end to end IP, PPP IP,PPP GTP Tunnel Relay Relay PDCP BMC PDCP BMC GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U RLC UDP/IP RLC UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP MAC MAC AAL5 L2 AAL5 L2 L1 L1 ATM L1 ATM L1 Uu Iu PS Gn Gi MS UTRAN 3G-SGSN 3G-GGSN

  19. GPRS 와 Mobile IP 비교 항목 GPRS Mobile IP (over cdma2000 1x) Support IP, X.25 IP Only (Internet Aware) Protocol IP / GTP / UDP / IP (heavy 3 layer protocol stack) Mobile IP / IP Standard Mobile Specific Standard IETF Standard 서비스 엔터티 RNC, SGSN, GGSN PCF, PDSN(FA), HA PS Domain Interface Iu-PS R-P(A10, A11) Multicast GPRS망 내의 PTM-SC (1) IP상의 IGMP 표준 규격 3GPP TS 23.060 3GPP2 IOS (1) GPRS 네트웍에서 PTM(Point-to-Multipoint) 서비스를 지원하는 PTM-SC(PTM Service Center) 11/16

  20. MSC IGSN SGSN GGSN Mobile IP FA HA GPRS and Mobile IP Integration GSM & GPRS HLR VLR Gr Gs External Gb Abis Gi Gn data BSC BTS network UMTS Iu-PS External Iub IP data RNC NodeB network GPRS : micro-mobility MIP : macro-mobility

  21. EDGE 와 1X EV 비교 항목 EDGE cdma2000 1x EV-DO cdma2000 1x EV-DV Channel Size 200 KHz 1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz Services Best effort Data Only Best effort Data Only Mixed Voice & Data Peak date rate 470 Kbps downlink 2.457 Mbps downlink 153.6 Kbps uplink 5.184 Mbps downlink 614.4 kbps uplink Compatible with 2G No No Yes Modulation 8-PSK QPSK, 8-PSK 16-QAM QPSK, 8-PSK 16-QAM, 64-QAM Voice Hand-off SGSN  GGSN Not supported Same as IS-95/IS-2000 Data Hand-off BSC + PCU F:fast cell selection R:soft F:fast cell selection R:soft Multiple Access TDMA TDMA (+ CDMA) CDMA 11/16

  22. EDGE • EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for the GSM and TDMA Evolution) • 기존 주파수에서 멀티미디어, IP 서비스를 384Kbps로 제공 • 타임 슬롯당 48Kbps의 속도로 최대 69.2Kbps까지 제공 • GSM 표준인 GMSK(Gaussian prefiltered minimum shift keying)이 아닌 8-PSK(8-phase shift keying ) Modulation 방식 사용으로 data rate가 3배 높다. • EDGE와 GPRS를 결합함으로써 무선망 활용을 향상시키며 2001년 상용 서비스 실현을 목표로 개발 • 로직 채널 및 200KHz 주파수 대역폭을 이용하므로 기존 셀 계획을 그대로 사용해 약간의 하드웨어와 소프트웨어의 변경만으로 사용 • EDGE는 GSM사업자뿐 아니라 TDMA방식 「IS-136(D-AMPS)」의 차기 시스템으로서도 이용 가능한 사양으로 유럽과 미국에서 합의

  23. GPRS Rate Code Rate CS1 9.05kb/s 0.5 CS2 13.4kb/s 0.66 CS3 15.6kb/s 0.75 CS4 21.4kb/s 1.0 GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol) EDGE Rate Code Rate MCS1 8.8 kb/s 0.53 MCS2 11.2 kb/s 0.66 MCS3 14.8 kb/s 0.80 MCS4 17.6 kb/s 1.00 GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol) EDGE = GMSK + PSK Rate Code Rate MCS5 22.4 kb/s 0.37 MCS6 29.6 kb/s 0.49 MCS7 44.8 kb/s 0.76 MCS8 59.2 kb/s 1.00 8-PSK (3 bit/s/symbol) Coding Rates for EDGE & GPRS EDGE - Key Aspects • A new modulation Scheme • - 8PSK • 200 KHz Channel spacing • - unchanged • Symbol rate unchanged • - 270k symbol/s • BUT • - 3 bits/symbol 자료 : Motorola

  24. cdma2000 1X EV-DO (HDR) • Peak Data Rate = 2.4Mbps • Throughput/Capacity = 620kbps • HDR is a Creative Technical Solution for Web Browsing Services – demonstrated in trials • HDR is Limited to Bursty, Non-Real Time 1-Way Services • Cannot support voice, mixed voice & data, or real time 2-way services • Functionality limited by inherently large round-trip delays • Requires a Dedicated Data Carrier Throughout Network • Cannot seamlessly handoff to IS-95A/B or 1X systems • Roaming requires tri mode mobiles (IS95A/B, 1X and HDR) • HDR is a Hybrid CDMA/TDMA Technology • HDR Initial Chipsets Planned only for Data Devices, Not mixed Handsets 자료 : Motorola

  25. cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME) • Peak Data Rate = 5.2Mbps; Throughput/Capacity = 1.2Mbps • Peak rate achieved through 15 channel concatenation • Adaptive technologies greatly improve peak rates and capacity • Adaptive Scheduling • Optimize scheduling to support data only or mixed services • Trade peak data capacity in support of mixed services • Adaptive Modulation and Coding • High Data Rate Carrier in 1.25MHz bandwidth • 64 QAM ( ~5 Mbps peak), 16 QAM (~2.7 Mbps peak) • Turbo codes : Error correction near theoretical limit • Explicit Information Bit Rate Detection • Adaptive Hybrid ARQ • Automatically adapts to instantaneous channel conditions • Enabled by novel Dual Channel Stop-and-Wait Hybrid ARQ • Adaptive Multi-code Allocation • Code Division Multiplex packets from different users within a frame • Multiple codes for a single user within a frame supports peak data rates 자료 : Motorola

  26. cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME) • Adaptive Cell Site Selection • Fast selection replaces forward link soft handoff for 1XTREME terminals • Reduced interference leads to increased capacity • Adaptive Antennas • Downlink Tx Diversity (Space Time Block Coding) • Uplink and Downlink Rx Antenna Diversity option • Backward Compatible with IS-95A/B and 1X • Supports handoffs between A/B/1X/1XTREME, carrier overlay, and overflow of both voice and data through load management • Supports Voice, Mixed Voice/Data, and Real-Time 2-Way Services • Dynamically Optimizes Data Capacity Based on Underlying Voice Utilization 자료 : Motorola

  27. 1XTREME Peak Data Rates • Downlink: • 5.184 Mbps peak info • rate with 64 QAM • Uplink: • 460.8 Kbps, 307.2 Kbps, 153.6 Kbps, 76.8 Kbps, 38.4 Kbps, 19.2 Kbps, 9.6 Kbps 자료 : Motorola

  28. UMTS Data Network 구성 • 망 구성 방안 • 상용 시점에 따라서 3GPP R’99 또는 R4 / R5 기반으로 구성 • GSM 및 gsmGPRS 고유의 기능을 위한 Overhead 제거 • 2G GSM과의 연동 및 Backward Compatibility를 위해 존재하는 부분 제거 • umtsGPRS 부분만 적용 (3GPP 표준 준수하는 범위에서) • UTRAN 부분은 ATM 기반 • All IP로 진화하면 Pure IP로 바뀌는 것이 효률적 • Core Network 부분은 Pure IP 기반 • 문제점 • umtsGPRS망과 cdma2000 1x DCN의 연동 및 결합 • 공통 Node (AAA, HA, Charging Server…..)의 구성방안 • UMTS MAP과 IS-41 MAP의 차이 • 설계 단계에서 발생한 Service Profile (QoS…) 차이 • 2G HLR, SCP, SMSC등 Nodes와 3G Nodes • IS-95A/B Data Network과의 Roaming 문제 • 진화 절차 및 단계 • 상용화 된 망의 규모에 따라 새로운 Architecture 도입 판단

  29. Wireless Data Network 의 진화 Legacy mobile Alternative Applications & signaling Access Services *) Network Network SCP Multimedia CSCF IP Networks R-SGW Mw Mh Ms SGSN GGSN CAP Mm Cx Gn HSS *) Other PLMN CSCF Gr Mg Gp Mr Gi Gi EIR MRF Gf MGCF T-SGW *) Gi Gc Mc GGSN SGSN Iu-ps Gn Gi IGSN(FA) PSTN/ UMTS UTRAN TE MT MGW Legacy/External R Uu M-IP Gi cdma2000 1x TE MT RAN PDSN M-IP HA CSCF Gi M-IP Um R R-P CSCF Call State Control Function HSS Home Subscriber Server MGCF Media Gateway Control Function MGW Media Gateway MRF Media Resource Function R-SGW Roaming Signalling Gateway SCP Service Control Point T-SGW Transport Signalling Gateway MRF Pi Applications HSS *) & Services *) SCP Signalling Interface Signalling and Data Transfer Interface

  30. Conclusion • Core Technology • GPRS와 Mobile IP의 결합 • All IP Network으로 진화 • Radio Spectrum 효율이 혁신적으로 개선 (smart antenna와 같은 beam forming application) • QoS / CoS • Internet 기술과 Wireless Data Network의 결합 • 향후 과제 • Multimedia Contents • Operator의 전략 • 통화료 • Roaming • 서비스 차별화 • 다양한 Terminals

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