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Skull, Cranial Nerves, Arteries, Veins, and Meninges. Outline 1. Skull -External -Internal 2. Cranial Nerves -CN 1-12 3. Meninges -Dura mater 4. Vasculature -Venous sinuses -Arteries 5. Ventricles. 1. Skull. Skull. Fits and protects the brain
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Skull, Cranial Nerves, Arteries, Veins, and Meninges Outline 1. Skull -External -Internal 2. Cranial Nerves -CN 1-12 3. Meninges -Dura mater 4. Vasculature -Venous sinuses -Arteries 5. Ventricles
Skull Fits and protects the brain Permits passage of cranial nerves and blood vessels
cranium facial skeleton
frontal nasal lacrimal sphenoid parietal zygomatic ethmoid temporal vomer maxilla mandible occipital
Fontanels and Sutures anterior fontanelle posterior fontanelle
coronal suture sagittal suture lambdoid suture
bregma lambda
Pterion parietal frontal pterion sphenoid temporal
Middle Meningial Artery Internal view
supraorbital foramen infraorbital foramen mental foramen Foramina of the Face
Stylomastoid Foramen stylomastoid foramen Foramen ovale, V3 mastoid foramen Condylar fossa
Ethmoid Anterior cranial fossa Cribriform plate, optic bulbs Sphenoid ridge Frontal Optic canal Sphenoid Superior orbital fissure, entrance To orbit, CN 3, 4, 6 (eye movement) V1 Middle cranial fossa Foramen rotundum, V2 Temporal Foramen ovale, V3 Foramen spinosum, meningeal nerve, of V3 Internal acoustic meatus, CN 7&8 Petrous ridge Jugular foramen, interna ljugular vein, CN 9, 10 ,11 Occipital Hypoglossal canal, CN 12 Posterior cranial fossa
Spinal nerve fibers Efferent (motor) fibers Afferent (sensory) fibers Plate 118
Cranial Nerves General Topography • The skull is designed to fit the brain. • Permits passage of cranial nerves and blood vessels • The brain consists of several lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital), the brain stem and the cerebellum Cerebral peduncles Midbrain Pons Medulla Spinal cord
CN I olfactory bulb cribriform plate anterior cranial fossa (inferior view) (superior view)
CN I – special sensory (smell) olfactory bulb olfactory tract cribriform plate olfactory nerves (lateral wall)
CN II optic nerve optic canal middle cranial fossa (inferior view) (superior view)
CN II - route Optic canal Optic nerve Optic chiasm Cells in ganglion cell layer of retina
CN III oculomotor nerve middle cranial fossa superior orbital fissure (inferior view) (superior view)
CN III – somatic motor levator palpebrae superioris superior division superior rectus oculomotor nerve inferior division inferior rectus inferior oblique *(medial rectus not shown)
CN III – parasympathetic TARGETS ciliary ganglion ciliary body sphincter pupillae Parasympathetic root short ciliary nerves
sympathetics (NOT a part of CN III) long ciliary nerves ciliary ganglion TARGETS dilator pupillae internal carotid artery short ciliary nerves *(superior tarsal muscle not shown)
CN IV trochlear nerve middle cranial fossa superior orbital fissure (inferior view) (superior view)
CN IV – somatic motor superior oblique trochlear nerve
CN V V1 - superior orbital fissure trigeminal nerve middle cranial fossa V2 - foramen rotundum V3 - foramen ovale (inferior view) (superior view)
CN V – general sensory V1 - ophthalmic nerve trigeminal ganglion V2 – maxillary nerve V3 – mandibular nerve
CN V1 – general sensory brain
CN V1 supratrochlear nerve supraorbital nerve lacrimal nerve frontal nerve trigeminal ganglion
CN V1 long ciliary n. infratrochlear n. short ciliary n. anterior ethmoid n. ciliary ganglion nasociliary n. trigeminal ganglion
CN V2 – general sensory brain pterygopalatine fossa
CN V2 CN I CN V2 external nasal branch (CN V1) pterygopalatine ganglion greater palatine n. lateral nasal branches lesser palatine n. (lateral wall of nasal cavity)
CN V3 – general sensory infratemporal fossa
CN V3 – branchial motor (first arch) infratemporal fossa
CN V3 deep temporal nn. auriculotemporal n. buccal n. lingual n. mental n. nerve to the mylohyoid m. submandibular ganglion
CN VI abducens nerve middle cranial fossa superior orbital fissure (inferior view) (superior view)
CN VI – somatic motor lateral rectus m. abducens nerve
CN VII Major branches: greater petrosal n. to stapedius chorda tympani brs. to facial muscles
greater petrosal n. geniculate ganglion malleus cochlea internal acoustic meatus facial n. superior view
n. to stapedius chorda tympani n. lateral view
exits stylomastoid foramen
Greater petrosal n. zygomatic n.
Chorda tympani n. submandibular ganglion
Chorda tympani n. submandibular ganglion
CN VIII hair cells in cochlear duct spiral ganglia cochlear division hair cells in saccule, utricle and ampullae vestibular ganglion vestibular division
CN IX Major branches: tympanic carotid n. to stylopharyngeus pharyngeal lingual