The African-American Freedom Struggle from the Civil War to the Twenty-First Century

The African-American Freedom Struggle from the Civil War to the Twenty-First Century Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergCurt-Engelhorn Chair in American HistoryProf. Dr. Manfred BergSummer Semester 2013 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

The Apex of Civil Rights Reform The Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960 The Kennedy Administration and Civil Rights Toward the 1964 Civil Rights Act Toward the Voting Rights Act Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

CivilRightsActof 1957 • EstablishesCivilRightsCommission • EstablishesCivilRights Division in theDepartment of Justice • Authorizes Department of Justice tosuestateofficialforviolatingcivilrightsandvotingrights Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Freedom Rides, 1961 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Voter Education Project, 1962-1964 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Eugene T. „Bull“ Connor, 1897-1973 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Letter from a Birmingham Jail Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Birmingham, April/May 1963 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

George C. Wallace, 1919-1998 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Medgar Evers, 1925-1963 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

March on Washington, 28.08.1963 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

I Have A Dream Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Birmingham, 15.9.1963 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Lyndon B. Johnson, 1908-1973 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

CivilRightsAct 1964 • ProhibitsRacial Segregation in publicfacilities • Prohibitsracialdiscrimination on accountofskincolor, race, national origin, religion, and sex. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party atAtlantic City, 1964 • "We didn't come all this way for no two seats when all of us is tired". • Fannie Lou Hamer Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Robert Moses, *1935 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Freedom Summer 1964 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Mississippi is for Murder • Andrew Goodman, 1943-1964 • James Chaney, 1943-1964 • Michael Schwerner, 1939-1964 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Selma, Alabama, 1965 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

The VotingRightsActof 1965 • Covers all statesthatrequireliteracytestsandhave a fewerthan 50% of all eligibleadults registered orvotíng • Suspends all literacytestsfor 5 years • Federal registrarstakeoverregistration in partsofthe South • States coveredbythelawhavetosubmit all votinglawchangestothe Department of Justice for „preclearance“ Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

The Impact ofthetheVotingRightsAct 19641966 • Alabama 110,000 250,000 • Louisiana243,000 350,000 • Mississippi29,000 175,000 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

CivilRightsReformsof 1964/65 • Formal and legal equality? • Major breakthrough; achievementofgoalsforwhichblackshadfoughtanddiedfordecades • Additional lawsandcourtrulingsdismantledinstituionalracism • Part of a larger reformagendathat also includedeconomicopportunityandexpansionofthewelfarestate, e.g. War on Poverty • But: High expectationsremainunfulfilled. Black radicalization – White backlash. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

The African-American Freedom Struggle from the Civil War to the Twenty-First Century

The African-American Freedom Struggle from the Civil War to the Twenty-First Century

Presentation Transcript

The American Civil War

The American Civil War

African-American History Since the Civil War

African American History Since the Civil War

African American History Since the Civil War

African American History Since the Civil War

African American History Since the Civil War

Education from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century

African American History from the Civil War to the Present

THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

The American Civil War

African-American Soldiers in the American Civil War

The African American Experience Prior to the Civil War

First Century Morals in the Twenty First Century

The American Civil War

The American Civil War

THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

The American Civil War

From Freedom to Civil War

TO THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, 1989-

The Twenty-First Century Student

The American Civil War