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EC 5212: (2) SEMINAR IN SUSTANABLE DEVELOPMENT SECOND SEMESTER 2005/2006

EC 5212: (2) SEMINAR IN SUSTANABLE DEVELOPMENT SECOND SEMESTER 2005/2006. Course Objectives: Understand the SD Issues: Theoretical & Applied  Appreciate the Need for SD &  Evaluate the Current & Formulate the Future SD. S.THIRUCHELVAM & L.H.P.GUNARATNE.

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EC 5212: (2) SEMINAR IN SUSTANABLE DEVELOPMENT SECOND SEMESTER 2005/2006

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  1. EC 5212: (2) SEMINAR IN SUSTANABLE DEVELOPMENTSECOND SEMESTER 2005/2006 • Course Objectives: • Understand the SD Issues: • Theoretical & Applied •  Appreciate the Need for SD & •  Evaluate the Current & Formulate the Future SD S.THIRUCHELVAM & L.H.P.GUNARATNE

  2. EC 5212 :EMINAR IN SUSTANABLE DEVELOPMENT • Course Content: I. Sustainable Development: Definitions, Evolution of Concepts, Eco., & Econ., Strong & Weak Sustainability Criteria, Population and Sustainable Development, Financing Agencies & Sustainability, Sustainable Development in SL & Eco-Ethics, II. Seminar on Special Topics: In-class presentations and written reports Grading: Quizzes:20%- 5th &15th Wks; MT: 40%-8thWk Presentation: 30%- 9th to14th Wk; Assignment: 10%

  3. Guidelines for Seminar Paper The course 50% lectures and 50% presentations. Individual presentation on SD issues in Sri Lanka. Fix the schedule before the midterm                   Background and Objective,                   Literature & Conceptual Framework,                   Results and Discussions and                  Conclusions and Policy Implications. Power Point Presentation for 30 Minutes Readings: Journal articles, Books & Web site articles relevant to SD.

  4. I.Basic Idea of Sustainable Development  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – SD ·Meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future to meet their own needs. ·Equity Dimensions- Inter & Intra Generation ·The Central Rationale of SD Increase SOL of least advantage people & Avoiding uncompensated future cost. ·Compatible Objectives of SD Economic Growth - Increase Quantity Economic Development - Increase Quality Environmental Protection ·Necessary Condition-SD Non-Declining Natural Capital, Maintaining Human Welfare Over Time.

  5. Ecological Sustainability Elements of SD & Interlinkages Resilience, BD, & Pollution Valuation, Incidence of impacts Internalization Inter generational Equity, Values and culture Poverty, Equity, Sustainability Climate Change Intra-generational Equity, Basic needs/ livelihoods Economic Efficiency Social Equity Growth, Efficiency & Stability Empowerment, Institution & Governance Main Assets for SD: Man made, Social & Natural Capital

  6. EVOLUTION OF DEVELOPMENT CONSERN • Economic Dev. Experience Over the Past Decade’s • “ The Conspicuous/ remarkable Fifties” • Infrastructure as constraint. • Capital Intensive – Engineering, Tech. Orientation.  • ·“ The Confident Sixties” • Industry to Agricultural Fundamentalism- GR • ·“ The Complex Seventies” • Basic Needs & Human Dev. - Income Distribution.   • ·“ The Confused Eighties” • Remove Structural & Macro Distortions • Concerns on Community Participation. • ·“ The Cautious Nineties” • Environment & Social Sustainability • “ The Conundrum/ puzzled Millennium” • Social Dev., Poverty, Governance, Gender, etc.,

  7. “Tunneling” to make Dev. more sustainable : Environmental Risk versus Development Level C “Tunnel” Safe limit E Environmental Risk per capita degradation of NResources) D B A Development Level (eg per capita income)

  8. SITUATION OF SUSTANABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SL LAND Very low land man ratio Area 6.65 Mil Ha / 19.3 mil, Land based employment; Forest cover reduction to 17%. All suitable lands brought under cultivation. Declining Ag. productivity – Land Policy WATER Increase in demand, Competition bet paddy & OFCs. Industrial & Agriculture Non point pollution Groundwater exploitation – Water Resource M.Plan FOREST Continue to decline 70%, 35%, 21%, 17% Dev. projects & Inadequate concern. Ineffective enforcement of laws. Increase in demand - FSMP

  9. BIODIVERSITY Deforestation - Loss of flora & fauna Bad Mgt., Lack of valuation. Wet lands as dumping grounds Over exploitation of coastal resources ENERGY Current demand 186 Kwh/person/annum All suitable hydro power sources are utilized Higher transmission loss. Future coal D to increase MINERALS – Unplanned exploitation of mineral, Sand, coral, gem mining Priority Sectoral Areas 1. Land and Water 2. Forest and Biodiversity 3. Urban and Industrial Pollution 4. Coastal and marine resources 5. Energy and Mineral Resources

  10. SELECTED ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS  1. Green House Gases – GHG -  Heavy reliance on fossil fuel, Global energy increased 70% . 2% increase over next 15 years -  50% increase GHG emissions. 2.Ozone Layer -  Black market & trade in CFCs etc. 1987 Montreal Protocol, Countries commitments -  Need 50 to back to normal. 3. Acid Rain -  SO2 Emission -  Developed countries- strict regulation. -  Asia, SO2 E. will double by 2020.

  11. 4. Nitrogen Cycle -  Ferti., human sewage & fossil fuel -  Excess N2 in the past 50 years. -  Reduced soil ferti., eutrofication -  Biologically available N2 double in 25 years. 5. Deforestation - A leading cause farming, Shows no sign of abating. -  20% of world tropical forest cleared bet 60- 90s. -  Developed countries stable / slight increase -  Natural forest lack adequate protection.

  12. 6. Bio Diversity -  Courses habitat redu. & Pollution -  Competition from non-native plts. -  “exotic Invaders” threat 20% endangered spp.  7. Aquatic Environment -  Most ocean are over fished -  Productivity is on the decline -  58% of the world’s coral reefs & -  34% of all fish species are at risk. 8. Water Scarcity -  21st C’s the most pressing issues -  Moderate to high in 1/3 world’s population rise to 2/3 in the next 30 years.

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