HIV

Mar 12, 2013

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Outline. IntroductionAetiologyEpidemiologyPathogenesisClinical featuresDiagnosisControl , treatment and prevention. About the virus. HIV belongs to the lentivirus group of the retrovirusfamily. There are at least two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2.HIV-2 is almost entirely confined to West Africa

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HIV

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hiv

DENDRITIC CELLS, MACROPHAGES, AND HIV NEJM 340:1732. Nature Insight. Nature 410, 965 (01). Used with permission.. HIV-1 LIFE CYCLE. THE GENOME OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (TYPE 1). HIV DIAGNOSTIC TESTING. Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)Sensitivity and specificity ar >98%Confirmatory testingWestern blot, IFA (specificity >99%)Home Testing/Rapid TestingSalivary antibodiesFinger stick whole blood.

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HIV

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HIV

OUTLINE. The impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on growth, human capital, food security and state structuresThe degree to which HIV and AIDS concerns have been reflected in PRSPs. AREAS OF DISCUSSION. INTRODUCTIONNATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORKPLANS, STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMMES-CONCLUSIONS. INTRODUCTIO

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HIV

2. Understanding stigma. Erving Goffman (1963): Defines stigma as a discreditable attribute that serves to devalue a person or group.Establishes types of stigma due to sourceTribal stigmasBlemishes of individual characterBody abominationsEdward Jones et al. (1995):Established the dimensions

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HIV

HIV. INTRODUCTION. A – acquired I – immuno D – deficiency S – syndrome Devastating fatal disease caused by the retrovirus : human immuno -deficiency virus

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HIV

HIV/AIDS. Spread primarily by sexual contact and from sharing IV needles Can be transmitted at the time a person becomes infected with other STDs Fatigue, night sweats, chills or fever lasting several weeks, headaches, cough (Sexual Health Center, 2008) . HIV Facts. BiologyHIV is a virusHIV

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HIV

Organization of the presentation. Italy migration profileMigrants' healthEpidemiological context: HIV, AIDS and TBPolitical and legal frameworksChallenges and way forward. Italy: Migration Profile. 58 million inhabitants3.7 million regular migrants in 20067,450 Km of coast;in 2006, 22,016 mi

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HIV

HIV Case Reporting. Reflects good demographic informationTends to represent more recent infectionsNow includes all reported HIV cases regardless of AIDS statusNo retroactive reporting prior to July 1997Patients are tested on a self-selected basisAnonymous tests are not reportedData represents

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HIV

1.WHY SHOULD EXECUTIVES SHOW CONCERN?. AIDS has become the worst infectious disease and catastrophe in recorded historyAIDS destroying the twin rationales of GlobalizationCheap labourFast-growing marketsThis is forcing business executives to think twice about investing in countries where people

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HIV

OUTLINE. General FactsUN Commission on Human RightsHuman Rights Violations Lead to HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS Leads to Denials in Human RightsCauses of Discrimination against PLWHARights of PLWHAWomen's RightsWomen are more Vulnerable to HIVHuman Rights in the Context of Saudi Arabia. General Facts. O

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HIV

HIV/AIDS surveillance. Describes the HIV epidemic and its characteristics, and identifies population groups at risk and in need for targeted prevention measures.Monitors trends in HIV/AIDS over time in order to assess the situation and compare trends across Europe.Improves and harmonises European

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HIV

Outline of presentation. HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS and DisabilityProject TAMPOPO (HIV/AIDS Education for Persons with Disabilities who are Illiterate through Empowerment of Deaf Organization in Recife, Brazil) . HIV and AIDS. HIV =Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS =Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome .

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HIV

WFP

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HIV and AIDS Case Data. AIDS Cases became reportable in Florida in 1981. HIV (not AIDS) became reportable in Florida on July 1, 1997. HIV Infection reporting represents newly Adult HIV Infection Infection Cases, regardless of AIDS status at time of report, that were previously reported. AIDS case

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2. ??????HIV????: ?????????????????????AIDS???????????????:????????????????(???)HIV???????????STD?????????????????? ??????????? HIV??????STD??????????????????????????????????????????????. HIV?????????? ??. 3. . . . . . . . -450-400-350-300-250-200-150-100-50-0. 90-80-70-60-50-

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HIV. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF HIV: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognised in 1981. It is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). HIV-2 causes a similar illness to HIV-1 but is less aggressive and restricted mainly to western Africa.

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HIV . Group B2. Objectives. Diagnosis of HIV Screening of chronic infections in AIDS patients Immunizations for AIDS patients Board review questions. Diagnosis of HIV . Diagnosis of HIV . Presumptive diagnosis made with ELISA Sensitive, used to Rule Out disease

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Understanding. HIV. sharing blades and razors. Sharing needles syringes. HIV - Human Immuno Deficiency Virus. AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

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HIV

HIV. HIV PATHOGENESIS. Retrovirus HIV-1 HIV-2 Binds to CD4 receptor Fusion with lipid layer Enters host CD4 cell: reverse transcriptase → DNA Viral DNA integrated into host DNA Proviral DNA → viral proteins Protease Assembly and budding of new viral particle. HIV PATHOGENESIS.

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HIV

HIV. Shelly Ritter, M.D. ARGY Resident. HIV/AIDS - History . Cases of Pneumocystis carinii (now jarovecii ) pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma first noticed in homosexual males in 1981. The responsible retrovirus was discovered in 1983. Serologic testing was started in 1985.

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HIV

HIV. The Human immunodeficiency virus. Retrovirus RNA virus Protein coat (HIV antigens) Reverse transcriptase turn RNA into DNA HIV integrase incorporates viral DNA into host genome Transcribed by host/viral enzymes Viral assembly and shedding with protease. Pathophysiology.

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HIV

Fundamentals of HIV/AIDs

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