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Solar cloud forcing = Rs - Rs 0 Longwave cloud forcing = Rl - Rl 0 Compare buoy cloud forcing to

Surface Cloud Forcing in the East Pacific Stratus Deck/Cold Tongue/ITCZ Complex Meghan F. Cronin (NOAA PMEL) Nicholas A. Bond (JISAO PMEL/UW) Chris Fairall (NOAA ETL) Robert A. Weller (WHOI) submitted to J. Climate. Solar cloud forcing = Rs - Rs 0 Longwave cloud forcing = Rl - Rl 0

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Solar cloud forcing = Rs - Rs 0 Longwave cloud forcing = Rl - Rl 0 Compare buoy cloud forcing to

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  1. Surface Cloud Forcing in the East Pacific Stratus Deck/Cold Tongue/ITCZ ComplexMeghan F. Cronin (NOAA PMEL)Nicholas A. Bond (JISAO PMEL/UW)Chris Fairall (NOAA ETL)Robert A. Weller (WHOI)submitted to J. Climate • Solar cloud forcing = Rs - Rs0 • Longwave cloud forcing = Rl - Rl0 • Compare buoy cloud forcing to • ISCCP, NCEP2 and ERA40 • Provide annual cycle fields and statistical relationships for CFRl/CFRs

  2. Too much yellow in ISCCP: ISCCP Solar Radiation too strong Too much blue in NWPs in cold tongue/ITCZ complex; too much yellow in stratus deck region: NWP Solar Radiation too weak in CT/ITCZ; too strong in stratus deck NWP too blue at 20S: NWP IR too weak in stratus region Too many gaps in buoy!

  3. CFRS = Rs - Rs0 ITCZ cold tongue stratus deck for difference fields, blues = clouds block too much Rs red = clouds don’t block enough Rs • Very weak solar cloud forcing on equator during warm season • NCEP2 has ~ -100 Wm-2 too much cloud forcing on equator during warm season (-> persistent cold tongue?) • Both NCEP2 & ERA40 have too little solar cloud forcing in southern hemisphere during cold (stratus deck) season ( -> Warm bias)

  4. CFRL = Rl - Rl0 ITCZ cold tongue stratus deck for difference fields, blues = clouds don’t emit enough Rl red = clouds emit too much Rl • Relatively clear skies on equator and at 8N during warm season • NWP clouds emit too much longwave in NH & SH ITCZ • NWP clouds do not emit enough longwave radiation in stratus deck region.

  5. ITCZ cold tongue stratus deck IR vs SolarCloud Forcing • Non-precipitating clouds have more IR forcing Wet Months Dry Months Should be clear Too much like ITCZ SH ITCZ too strong cloud forcing too weak

  6. ITCZ cold tongue stratus deck IR vs. SolarCloud Forcing (based on buoy annual cycle) • ITCZ & Warm Pool have largest range of CFRs • Cold tongue and Southern regions have largest range of CFRl • CFRl / CFRs closest to -1 in southern region • |CFRs | > |CFRl | everywhere • Max CFRl in stratus region at 20S • Regression & Stats available as benchmark for AGCMs and CGCMs.

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