Presentation Transcript

1. Laboratory Safety

   Version 8.0, August 2012
2. Objectives Explain the key elements of laboratory safety related to: Fire safety Chemical safety Blood-borne pathogens Dangerous goods shipment Describe the basic safety practice responsibilities for an employer and an employee Describe basic safety practices related to each type of hazard Discuss safety incident reporting
3. Pre-Assessment Question # 1 Which of the following represents proper portable fire extinguisher maintenance? Must be visually inspected every 6 months Must be recharged per local standards Must document inspection and testing A and B only B and C only All of the above
4. Pre-Assessment Question # 2 The laboratory should maintain Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for: Test kits Reagents General-use supplies (e.g., bleach) A, B, and C A and C only A and B only
5. Pre-Assessment Question # 3 Which of the following are examples of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)? Gloves Face shields Gowns All of the above
6. Pre-Assessment Question # 4 Which of the following is true in terms of dangerous goods? Training in dangerous goods must be documented Training in dangerous goods must be renewed every four years More than one person per laboratory should be trained to ensure proper back up A and B only B and C only A and C only
7. Pre-Assessment Question # 5 Which of the following is correct? The employer must provide the tools needed for safety The employer must create safety policies Laboratory safety is the responsibility of the employer A and B only B and C only A and C only
8. Pre-Assessment Question # 6 Which of the following statements are true regarding Laboratory Safety? Antiretroviral medication may reduce the risk of HIV seroconversion in a laboratory employee who had a needle stick injury You should always follow your institution’s policies regarding safety Engineering controls include items that isolate or remove the blood-borne pathogen hazard from the workplace The prohibition of recapping needles is an example of a work practice control All of the above
9. Pre-Assessment Question # 7 What are the three components of a safety incident report? Documentation, review by laboratory director or designee, quality management program Documentation, review by safety training program director or designee, quality management program Safety policies, review by safety training program director or designee, quality control program None of the above
10. Responsibilities
11. Fire Safety Four Elements of Laboratory Safety Blood-borne Pathogens Chemical Safety Dangerous Goods
12. Story Time Do you have a fire story?
13. Fire Prevention Identify Fire Hazards Fire Safety Training Fire Exits and Signage Electrical Codes Fire Extinguishers Storage of Hazardous Materials Fire Alarm Systems Fire Audits or Inspections
14. Elements of Fire Oxygen Heat Fuel
15. Fire Safety R A C E RACE Rescue any people in danger Alarm (activate the fire alarm) Contain the fire by closing the door Extinguish if it is small enough
16. Skill Check What safety responsibility belongs to the employee? Create safety policies Wash laboratory coats at home Know your institution’s safety policies All of the above
17. Label Fire Safety Locking pin Pressure gauge Carrying handle/ Operating lever Discharge nozzle or horn
18. PASS Pull the pin Aim at the base of the fire Squeeze the handle Sweep to cover the fire Fire Safety (cont’d) P A S S Plan Your Exit Always position yourself with an exit to your back when using an extinguisher
19. Fire Extinguisher Maintenance Portable fire extinguishers must be: Visually inspected monthly Recharged per local standards Document inspection and testing Ensure that extinguishers have: Pin and seals in place No visual sign of damage Nozzles that are free of blockage Pressure gauges that show adequate pressure
20. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Additional Safety Equipment What safety equipment does your laboratory have?
21. Safety Equipment The following safety equipment are required… Eye wash (plumbed or portable) Emergency shower or drench hose Fire extinguishers Sharps containers Do you inspect them? How frequently? Do you document these activities?
22. Fire Safety Four Elements of Laboratory Safety Blood-borne Pathogens Chemical Safety Dangerous Goods
23. Chemical Safety Ways chemicals can enter the body: Inhalation: Breathing in (e.g., powders, fumes) Absorption: On skin or mucus membranes Ingestion: Entry through mouth Injection: Through skin by foreign body
24. Chemical Safety (cont’d)
25. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Product-specific information for chemicals Name of Chemical Physical Characteristics and Hazards Health Related Info First Aid Spill and Disposal Date of most recent change Name and address of party responsible for MSDS
26. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) (cont’d) Maintain MSDS for: Reagents/chemicals Test kits General-use supplies (e.g., bleach) Document staff training Organize alphabetically or numerically Update at least every two years Maintain index of all MSDS; can serve as chemical inventory Accessible to everyone at all times Create a hazardous chemicals chart for first aid
27. First Aid for Chemical Exposure Flush with plenty of water At least 15 minutes Remove contaminated clothing Seek medical attention Document
28. Liquid Nitrogen Characteristics of Nitrogen 78% of Atmosphere Colorless, Odorless, Tasteless, Nontoxic Boils at -320 F (-196 C) Nonflammable Why be concerned? It displaces oxygen from the air Will not support life Can lead to asphyxiation It can cause frostbite or worse
29. Liquid Nitrogen – Precautions Always wear safety equipment (Personal Protective Equipment [PPE]) Avoid use in small enclosed areas Avoid prolonged breathing of vapors Avoid rough handling of containers Provide adequate ventilation
30. Liquid Nitrogen – PPE Full Face Shield with Safety Glasses or Safety Goggles Cryogenic Gloves Arm Protection Laboratory Coat Cuff-less pants
31. Liquid Nitrogen – Emergencies Inhalation – Immediately remove to fresh air Eyes – Flush with water for 15 minutes Skin – Soak affected area in tepid water Seek medical attention Document incident
32. Chemical Safety What is wrong with this picture? That is liquid nitrogen they are working with.
33. Chemical Safety (cont’d) What is wrong with this picture? No cryogenic gloves No face protection No arm protection No laboratory coat Not an approved container
34. Skill Check Ways chemicals can enter the body include: Absorption Inhalation Injection All of the above
35. Management of Chemicals in the Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Hazard Communication Chemical Hygiene Annual Chemical Inventory/MSDS Updates Periodic Safety Assessments
36. Story Time Who has a chemical safety story?
37. Fire Safety Four Elements of Laboratory Safety Chemical Safety Blood-borne Pathogens Dangerous Goods
38. Blood-borne Pathogens (BBP) What are blood-borne pathogens? Viruses, bacteria, or other micro-organisms that are carried in a person’s blood stream and can cause disease Common BBPs include: HIV HCV HBV
39. Blood-borne Pathogens (cont’d) Other body fluids can also spread blood-borne pathogens such as: Blood Products (Plasma, Platelets, etc.) Abdominal and Chest Fluids Amniotic Fluid Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Joint Fluids Vaginal Secretions Semen
40. Standard Precautions Treat Everyone’s Blood and Body Fluids as Infectious all of the Time
41. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use Personal Protective Equipment Including, but not limited to: Gloves Fluid Resistant Gowns or Coats Goggles and Masks or Face Shields
42. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (cont’d) You should wear as much PPE as you anticipate you will need to prevent blood and other infectious materials from contact with your skin, mucus membranes, and clothing.
43. What do you think? What type of PPE do you recommend for performing the following? Drawing blood HIV ELISA Clerical work (such as a receptionist)
44. Biohazardous Sharps Handle sharps with care Do not recap needles or other sharps Do not bend, shear, or break off needles Dispose of sharps in puncture resistant container
45. Remember… Things that should not be done in areas where you are working with blood or body fluids Eat or drink Smoke Apply cosmetics Handle contact lenses
46. Hand Washing MOST IMPORTANT! Reduce your risk of infection: the sooner you wash infectious material off your hands, the less your chance of infection. Wash Hands
47. Fire Safety Four Elements of Laboratory Safety Chemical Safety Blood-borne Pathogens Dangerous Goods
48. Dangerous Goods IATA International Air Transport Association Regulates international air transport, including the transport of Dangerous Goods
49. Dangerous Goods (cont’d) Who can name some?
50. Dangerous Goods (cont’d) Includes: Dry Ice Infectious Substances Poisons Firearms Ammunition Paint To name a few!
51. Dangerous Goods Regulations (In accordance with IATA 1.5, 49 CFR Sec.172.700) “No person shall handle, offer for transport, or transport Dangerous Goods...unless they are trained.”
52. Dangerous Goods Training Sources Saf-T-Pak Compliance Training www.saftpak.com IATA website www.iata.org
53. What do you think? What do you think happens if you do not follow the regulations for Dangerous Goods transportation?
54. Fines for Violations Individual civil penalty between $250 and $25,000 per violation Willful individual violators may be fined up to $250,000 and/or receive up to 5 years in prison Business entities or institutions may be fined up to $500,000 per violation http://www.vcu.edu/oehs/chemical/biosafe/DGguidelines.pdf
55. Safety Policies Standard/Universal Precautions Chemical Hygiene Hazard Communication Waste Management General Safety Safety Equipment
56. Safety Training Blood-borne pathogens Personal protective equipment Chemical hygiene Hazard communication Use of safety equipment
57. Safety Training (cont’d) Handling of cryogenic materials Shipping of dangerous goods (IATA) Waste management Biohazard containment General safety Local regulations
58. Frequency Orientation of new employee Annually thereafter Safety Training (cont’d) Documentation of training
59. Safety Incident Reporting Documentation Review by laboratory director or designee Quality Management Program
60. Safety Case Study Lucia works as a Laboratory Technician within the Specimen Processing Laboratory. You are the Manager of the laboratory. You report to work early this morning to find that Lucia experienced a potential exposure from a participant specimen. The preliminary information would indicate that Lucia received a laceration to her finger or hand, as well as a splash to her face. What immediate steps do you take? What additional measures do you undertake?
61. Post-Assessment Question # 1 Which of the following represents proper portable fire extinguisher maintenance? Must be visually inspected every 6 months Must be recharged per local standards Must document inspection and testing A and B only B and C only All of the above
62. Post-Assessment Question # 2 The laboratory should maintain MSDS for: Test kits Reagents General-use supplies (e.g., bleach) A, B, and C A and C only A and B only
63. Post-Assessment Question # 3 Which of the following are examples of PPE? Gloves Face shields Gowns All of the above
64. Post-Assessment Question # 4 Which of the following is true in terms of dangerous goods? Training in dangerous goods must be documented Training in dangerous goods must be renewed every four years More than one person per laboratory should be trained to ensure proper back up A and B only B and C only A and C only
65. Post-Assessment Question # 5 Which of the following is correct? The employer must provide the tools needed for safety The employer must create safety policies Laboratory safety is the responsibility of the employer A and B only B and C only A and C only
66. Post-Assessment Question # 6 Which of the following statements are true regarding Laboratory Safety? Antiretroviral medication may reduce the risk of HIV seroconversion in a laboratory employee who had a needle stick injury You should always follow your institution’s policies regarding safety Engineering controls include items that isolate or remove the blood-borne pathogen hazard from the workplace The prohibition of recapping needles is an example of a work practice control All of the above
67. Post-Assessment Question # 7 What are the three components of a safety incident report? Documentation, review by laboratory director or designee, quality management program Documentation, review by safety training program director or designee, quality management program Safety policies, review by safety training program director or designee, quality control program None of the above
68. “Safety isn’t expensive, it’s priceless.” - Anonymous
69. Wrap Up