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Do you know …. …who has the eleventh largest economy in the world …a blooming production in software and pharmaceuticals. …A GDP of $1,031 per capita …A population of 1,18 billion. INDIA’S TRANSFORMATION. Economic system 1947-1990?.
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Do you know … • …who has the eleventh largest economy in the world • …a blooming production in software and pharmaceuticals. • …A GDP of $1,031 per capita • …A population of 1,18 billion.
Economic system 1947-1990? • After the independence 1947 India became a mixed economy ; - state-owned enterprises, • centralized planning • subsidies. • After 1991 India was moving towards a more open and privatized economy.
The effect of privatization. • Reform program in 1991 due to the low progress of development. -the industrial licensing system was dismantled -several areas previous closed for the private sector were opened
Investment from foreign enterprises was welcomed - Tariff on imports: 400 percent to 65 percent - Top income tax rate was reduce - Corporate tax: 1994: 46 percent 1997:35 percent
After privatization, deregulation, and the removal of barriers to foreign direct investment ……. • Economy • 1994-2004: • expanded at an annual rate of about 6.3 percent • 2005-2009: • 12.9 percent per annum • Foreign investment • 1991: $150 million • 2009: $34.6 billion
-the technological and pharmaceutical sector have been especially outstanding among sectors -emerged as a vibrant global centre for software development • Sales in 1990: $150 million • Sales in 2007: $ 50 billion
Why has Indiabecome the leader in the technological and the pharmaceuticalsector? • Topcorporationsoutsourcetheirproduction to India. • Approval was made automatic for foreign equity stakes,and even 100 % of foreign ownership was allowed in certain circumstances. • Raw materials and industrial goods could be freely imported.