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Chapter 5/Section 3

Chapter 5/Section 3. Alexander the Great. I. Macedonia Attacks Greece (pgs. 175 – 176) A Plan to Win Greece. Macedonia lay north of Greece and by 400 B.C. had become a powerful kingdom. In 359 B.C., Philip II rose to the throne of Macedonia.

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Chapter 5/Section 3

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  1. Chapter 5/Section 3 Alexander the Great

  2. I. Macedonia Attacks Greece (pgs. 175 – 176)A Plan to Win Greece • Macedonia lay north of Greece and by 400 B.C. had become a powerful kingdom. • In 359 B.C., Philip II rose to the throne of Macedonia. • Philip II lived in Greece as a boy and admired everything about the Greeks. • Philip even hired Greek philosopher Aristotle to tutor his son, Alexander.

  3. Philip wanted to defeat the Persian Empire and knew he needed to unite the Greek city-states with his own kingdom. • He trained his army to fight like the Greeks. • He conquered many Greek city-states, others surrendered, and others joined Philip voluntarily. • In 338 B.C., the Macedonians crushed the Greek allies at the Battleof Chaeronea (kehr*uh*nee*uh).

  4. II. Alexander Builds an Empire (176 – 179) • Before Philip could conquer the Persian Empire, he was murdered. • His son, Alexander, became king of Macedonia at age 20. • In 334 B.C., Alexander invaded Asia Minor, and by 332 B.C., he captured Syria and Egypt. • In Egypt, he built the city of Alexandria, which became one of the most important cities in the ancient world.

  5. Alexander’s Conquests • In 331 B.C., Alexander headed east and defeated the Persians at Gaugamela, near Babylon. • After this victory, Alexander easily overran the rest of the Persian Empire. • Over the next three years, Alexander marched east as far as Pakistan.

  6. In 326 B.C., Alexander crossed the Indus River into India where he fought a number of bloody battles. • Weary of continuous war, his soldiers refused to go any further and Alexander agreed to lead them home. • In 323 B.C., Alexander returned to Babylon and planned to invade southern Arabia. • Tired and weak from wounds, Alexander died of fever at the age of 32.

  7. Alexander’s Legacy • A legacy is what a person leaves behind when he or she dies. • Alexander was a superb military leader who helped extend Macedonian/Greek rule and culture over a vast area. • Alexander’s conquests marked the beginning of the Hellenistic Era. • The word Hellenistic comes from a Greek word meaning, “like the Greeks”, and refers to a time when Greek language and culture spread to the non-Greek people of southwest Asia.

  8. The Empire Breaks Apart • Alexander had planned to unite Macedonians, Greeks, and Persians in his new empire. • After his death, however, his generals fought one another for power. • As a result, the empire fell apart and four kingdoms took its place: • 1) Macedonia • 2) Pergamum (puhr*guh*muhm) • 3) Egypt • 4) Seleucid Empire (suh*loo*suhd) • Greeks stayed in control by conducting business in the Greek language and only those Asians and Egyptians who spoke Greek http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VQ_db-6cQ0

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