Health Issues Facing Australia’s Youth

1. Health Issues Facing Australia’s Youth

2. Health Issues • Mental health • Asthma • Diabetes • Injury • Weight • Tobacco smoking • Alcohol use • Illicit substance use • Sun protection • Sexual and reproductive health • Food allergies • Homelessness • Cyber-safety

3. Mental Health • The World Health Organization defines mental health as ‘a state of wellbeing in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community’

4. Mental Illness • According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, mental illness is a general term that refers to a group of disorders that affect the way a person thinks, feels and acts. • Mental disorders are characterized by a clinically recognizable set of symptoms or behaviors that interfere with social, academic or occupational functioning.

5. Each mental disorder has a different combination of symptoms and degrees of severity • Some mental disorders first appear in childhood and adolescence and many disorders that are diagnosed in adulthood have their origins in childhood. • Common mental disorders found in children and young people include: • Development disorders, such as dyslexia or autism • Behavioral disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) • Anxiety disorders • Depression • Schizophrenia

6. Impact on Dimensions of health and Development • Individually, list ways that Schizophrenia can impact on an individuals health and development • Refer to worksheet

7. Asthma • Asthma is a chronic disease • Its symptoms include recurring episodes of: • wheezing • chest tightness • shortness of breath • Coughing These are are all associated with narrowing of the airways that limitless airflow

8. Asthma • The causes of asthma are still not well understood; however, genetic traits, age and sex, in addition to a range of environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle, are believed to increase the risk of developing asthma

9. Different Triggers: • Factors that commonly trigger airway narrowing and asthma symptoms include: • Physical activity • Viral infections • Environmental irritants, such as tobacco smoke and other air pollutants • Cold weather • Specific allergens, such as dust mites and pollens

10. Asthma • Asthma affects people of all ages • It ranges in severity from mild symptoms to a severe symptoms • Asthma can sometimes be a life-threatening disorder

11. Medication • Two common types of medication: • Preventers • Relievers Preventers: • Slow acting – used to prevent an asthma attack • Prevention is particularly important for people with frequent and serve attacks • Drugs taken by inhaler or puffer are common preventative treatments Relievers: • Fast acting – used during an attack to open airways • To treat an attack, once it has started, requires the use of drugs • These drugs are most effective when given by inhaler

12. Medication PreventerReliever

14. Risk and Protective Factors • Create a table and list some risk and protective factors for asthma

15. Homework

16. Diabetes • Group 1 = What is diabetes? • Group 2 = Type 1 Diabetes • Group 3 = Type 2 Diabetes • Group 4 = The risk factors and symptoms of diabetes

17. Summary Table

18. What to do: • Read through ‘Diabetes’ in the textbook pg 109 - 110 • Talk as a group about the main findings • Create a summary of your given topic • Max 4 - 5 main points • Your own words – not straight from the text book • Fill in table

19. Diabetes • Diabetes is the name given to a group of conditions that occurs when the body cannot maintain normal glucose levels in the body • Our bodies rely on glucose for energy, and the transport of glucose in the blood to the cells is regulated by the hormone insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. • Insulin:stimulates the body’s cells to use glucose as energy

20. Diabetes: Uncontrolled • In uncontrolled diabetes, the body is ether unable to produce enough insulin or in unable to use it properly • As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream and an inadequate supply goes to the cells Effects: • This abnormal build-up of glucose in the blood can have serious short-term and long-term effects • The damage to the body's cells can cause compilations such as kidney damage, eye damage, nerve damage, heart disease, circulation problems in the legs, and stroke

21. Diabetes: Type 1

22. Diabetes: Type 2

23. Risk factors and Symptoms of Diabetes

24. Injury • Most of us understand that an injury is something that causes physical harm to the body, such as cuts, bruises, broken bones and burns • Injuries can sometimes be intentional (eg: fights) but are mostly accidental • Injuries are caused by many factors including: • People - hurting themselves in the kitchen or being punched by another in a fight • Animals – being kicked by a horse • Objects – being electrocuted by a faulty wire • Substances – being poisoned • Environment – drowning in a strong tide

25. Injury • Note: because many types of injuries CAN be prevented, promoting safety is crucial Example: installing pool fences helps to prevent small children from drowning • HOWEVER, although many types of injuries are preventable, injury is still the leading cause of death and the third leading cause of hospitalization among 15-24 year-olds, and injury can result in severe disability or long-term health conditions

26. Injury • Promoting injury prevention and safety for children and youth is especially important as the likelihood of being injured is high during these periods of life span • The types of frequency of injuries that occur in childhood and youth are also often different from those that occur in adulthood • Why might this be?

27. Injury • Childhood • young children are often unable to recognize hazards and avoid danger • Youth • people assume more independence and take part in risky behaviors, so the patterns of injury in young people are distinct from other groups. • Youth is also the stage during which young people become exposed to risk factors such as alcohol, learn to drive (risks of traffic accidents) and start work (risks of occupational injury) • Young adults are over-represented in road traffic accident that have been linked to speeding, driving when tired and driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs

28. ‘Make a film, make a difference’ • ‘The Deso’ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syWsq30QadY • ‘Yes Mum’ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2X9Q-Xre_Q

29. Risk and Protective Factors • Create a table and list some risk and protective factors for injury

30. Drug Use • Turn to page 119 of the text book and complete the following questions • Activity 4.1G • Question 1 • Question 2 (a) • Question 2 (b) • Question 3 • Discussion of answers

31. ‘There is nothing healthy about a tan’ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJ9HkvFFgyo • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSF_S7a2dAk

32. Sun Protection • Too much UV (ultraviolet) radiation from sun exposure can cause sunburn, skin damage and eye damage, as well as skin cancer. • Long-term sun exposure and sunburn damages the skin, which over time can lead to skin cancer • Although serve sunburn increase melanoma risk later in life, even mild sunburn or tanning also increase the risk!

33. Sun Protection • It is important to understand that Australians of all ages are at risk of skin cancer: • Australia has the highest rate of skin cancer in the world; skin cancers account for 80 per cent of all new cancers diagnosed in Australia each year • Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most frequently occurring skin cancer in Australia, but it is the least life-threatening. • Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer • The strongest determinant of melanoma risk is ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sun exposure during childhood and adolescence

34. Sun Protection • Most of the risk of melanoma comes from excessive sun exposure early in life; however, the risk of skin cancer increase with age because older people have generally accumulated more exposure to the sun than younger people • The exact level of sun exposure needed to form a skin cancer is unknown; however the development of melanoma is strongly linked to bursts of sun exposure, especially sunburn!

35. Sun Protection • One indication of the potential risk of sun damage is the skin’s tendency to freckle. According to the Better Health Channel, if a person has many moles and freckles (more than 50 miles), they are at risk of skin damage • NOTE: the sun is not the only source of harmful UV radiation. Radiation from solariums is much more intense that sunlight and places people at of skin cancer

36. Sun Protection: Initiatives • However, the incidence of melanoma among young Australians has been declining. • This is due to public education campaigns and implementations of policies like; ‘no hat, no play’ • SunSmart is Australia’s national skin cancer protection program • Slogan – Slip! Slop! Slap! + Seek! Slide! • Let’s take a closer look

37. ‘Slip, Slop, Slap, Seek, Slide’ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGgn5nwYtj0 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOv5HGOJYTA

38. Sexual and Reproductive Health • Youth is a stage of the lifespan during which adolescents go through puberty; their bodies develop physical and reach sexual maturation • Most young people will experience these changes with few difficulties; however, some adolescents find the changes that occur during puberty disconcerting • As young people mature sexually, it is particularly important that they are supported by family, friends, schools, healthcare professionals and others.

39. Sexual and Reproductive Health • As young adults, people begin to become sexually active and without sufficient access to health care or education about sexual and reproductive behavior, they can engage in unsafe sexual practices that can have both short-term and long-term consequences, such as contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or becoming pregnant. Some common STIs such as Chlamydia, can affect their ability to have children later in life. • A study of the sexual and reproductive health of young people should look at issues such as • Relationships • Sexuality • Contraception • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) • Pregnancy • Safe sex

42. Give examples of ways that a young person could effectively manage a food allergy, for example, through an anaphylaxis management plan • Where would a young person with a food allergy be able to seek help? List your ideas

43. Homelessness • Read through pages 124 -125 of textbook • High significant points on homelessness • Discuss with the person next to you why you choose to highlight particular words/sentences • Go through SAAP as a class

44. Cyber-Safety • Group 1 = Why do you think that the Internet has so quickly become an essential part of everyday life and learning? • Group 2 = What is ‘cyber-bullying’? Give some examples • Group 3 = What are some strategies that young people can use to protect themselves against cyber-bullying? • Group 4 = How can parents and schools be a support? Give some Examples

45. Diabetes • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EEtubB74lM

46. Diabetes • Body made up of cells • Cells need energy to function • Food we eat is turned into sugar – called glucose • Glucose travels to all cells through the blood stream • Pancreas – organ in the body • Pancreas makes insulin • Insulin – helps all cells in the body use the glucose • Diabetes = trouble controlling the level of glucose in your blood because of the either of the following reasons • Pancreas isn’t making enough (if any) • Cells aren’t reacting to the insulin the way it should

47. Type 1 Diabetes = insulin Dependant Diabetes

48. Type 2 Diabetes =Non-insulin Dependant Diabetes