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The 4 th Linux Seminar Firmware in Linux

The 4 th Linux Seminar Firmware in Linux. http://alpha.secsm.org. Mar 26, 2000 ssmLUG Byungsoo Jung. What ’ s the Firmware?. BIOS Low Level, Loading the OS kernel. Monitor Program As a part of BIOS mainboard debuging OS Kernel Monolithic in Linux Currently micro kernel.

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The 4 th Linux Seminar Firmware in Linux

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  1. The 4th Linux SeminarFirmware in Linux http://alpha.secsm.org Mar 26, 2000 ssmLUG Byungsoo Jung

  2. What’s the Firmware? • BIOS • Low Level, Loading the OS kernel. • Monitor Program • As a part of BIOS • mainboard debuging • OS Kernel • Monolithic in Linux • Currently micro kernel

  3. Developing Tools • GAS와 Binutils • GNU Assembler and Binary utilities • NASM • Free Assembler for i86 • GCC • GNU C compiler • I386,Alpha,PowerPC,MIPS,ARM,M68K

  4. Simple GAS source code • Get the Assembly source code from C source code • % gcc –S hello.c • Compile with GAS • % as –o hello.o hello.S • Get the executabable file with GCC • % gcc –o hello hello.o

  5. .file "hello.c" .version "01.01" gcc2_compiled.: .section .rodata .LC0: .string "Hello World!\n" .text .align 4 .globl main .type main,@function main: pushl %ebp movl %esp,%ebp pushl $.LC0 call printf addl $4,%esp .L1: leave ret .Lfe1: .size main,.Lfe1-main

  6. Simple GAS example # # File : hello.S # Author : ByungsooJung # Date : Aug 8, 1999 # .data # section declaration msg: .string "Hello, world!" # our dear string msgend: .equ len, msgend - msg # length of our dear string .text # section declaration # we must export the entry point to the ELF linker or .global _start # loader. They conventionally recognize _start as their # entry point. Use ld -e hello to override the default.

  7. _start: # write our string to stdout movl$4, %eax# system call number (sys_write) movl$1, %ebx# first argument: file handle (stdout) movl$msg, %ecx# second argument: pointer to message to write movl$len, %edx# third argument: message length int $0x80 # INT 80h # and exit movl$1,%eax# system call number (sys_exit) xorl%ebx,%ebx# first syscallargument: exit code int $0x80 # INT 80h

  8. Making CrossGCC • Patch packages for the CrossGCC • Configure for CrossGCC • Make CrossGCC with Makefile • Installing CrossGCC

  9. CrossGCC for ARM • Binutils for ARM • # tar zxvf binutils-2.9.5.0.24.tar.gz • # cd bintutils-2.9. 5.0.24 • # export CC=/usr/bin/gcc • # configure –target=arm-linux • # make • # make install

  10. CrossGCC for ARM • GCC for ARM • # export CC=/usr/bin/gcc • # tar zxvf gcc-core-2.95.1.tar.gz • # cd gcc-core-2.95.1 • # gzip –d gcc-2.95-diff-990730.gz • # patch –p0 < gcc-2.95-diff-990730 • # configure –target=arm-linux • # make • # make install

  11. BIOS : Alpha MILO and OpenBIOS • Alpha MILO • Introduction on the Alpha MILO • OpenBIOS Project • Overview on the OpenBIOS Project

  12. II. Monitor Program : PROM for MIPS • PROM Monitor Program : PROM • Serial Monitoring and Program Downloading • Ethernet Monitoring and Program Downloading

  13. III. Embedded Linux Kernel : ELKS • Embedded Linux Kernel : ELKS • Introduction on ELKS • ELKS Kernel Structure • ELKS Device Driver

  14. I. BIOS Alpha MILO와 OpenBIOS ssmLUG Byungsoo Jung http://alpha.secsm.org

  15. Alpha MILO

  16. Alpha MILO’s History • At 1993, Jim Paradis in Alpha Migration Tools Group had a project Linux porting on Alpha AXP • At 1994, John Hall, senior manager, gave the Jensen to Linus Torvals • At 1994, Dave Rusling made MILO bootloader for Alpha • Now, Jay Easterbrook porting XFree86 to the Alpha Linux

  17. What’s the MILO? • MILO’s function • PALcode • Memory Setup code • Video Code • Linux kernel code • File System support (ext2, fat, iso9660) • User interface code • Kernel interface code • NVRAM code

  18. MILO’s structure • Two part • System indepent part : MILO • Most System dependt part : PALcode • Code • MILo core : about 24,000 lines • PALcode : about 1,1000 lines • X86 emulation : about 1,6000 lines • Etc : about 40,000 lines

  19. Alpha’s history • At 1988, Dick Sites and Rich Witek had a project designing Alpha Architecture • They predicted it would be a 64bit world in the future • They created Alpha architecture in the long peorid more than 10 years

  20. PALcode’s history • New Architecture -> New Instruction? • They solved this problem with PALcode. • PALcode is like software emulation • FX32 : x86 emulator • Freeport Express : sparc emulator

  21. PALcode’s structure • Power-Up Initialization • Memory management control • Interuppt and exception control • Privileged instructions • VAX and x86 instruction emulation

  22. Making PALcode

  23. PALcode’s Image

  24. MILO’s image

  25. MILO Loading • Loading MILO from System firmware • Windows NT ARC Firmware • SRM Console • Loading MILO from Debug monitor • Loading MILo from Flash

  26. OpenBIOS

  27. OpenBIOS Project • OpenBIOS Project : x86 BIOS for PC • http://www.freiburg.linux.de/openbios • OpenFirmware Project : commertial • http://www.openfirmware.org • GNU BIOS Project : On emerging • http://www.niklas.ekstrom.com/gnubios • Linux BIOS Project : BIOS + Linux Kernel • http://www.acl.lanl.gov/linuxbios • GRUB Project : Multi-boot • http://www.uruk.org/grub • NILO Project : Network Lilo • http://nilo.sourceforge.net

  28. OpenBIOS’s structure : similar to the OpenFimware OpenFirmware’s Structure

  29. Initial state of i386 in boot

  30. How to boot in i386? • At Reset • CS : 0xFFFF F000h • EIP : 0x0000 FFF0h • Absolut physical address • CS:EIP : 0xFFFF FFF0h • ROM BIOS intial routine

  31. Startup code in OpenBIOS SEGMENT .text BITS 16 ; entry point into startup code - the bootstrap will vector ; here with a near JMPgenerated by the builder. This ; label must be in the top 64K of linear memory. global _main _main: jmpstartup sig: db0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef startup: movbx, cs movds, bx xor bx, bx; es:bx== 0000:0000 moves, bx movfs, ax ; Might contain BISTresult movgs, dx ; CPU model/rev info CPU_TEST PORT_80 0x01

  32. Application of OpenBIOS • Free i386 PC BIOS • Finally no commertial software in PC! • No trivial job for DOS 1.0 and fast booting • Linux Cluster • Linux BIOS project in Bewolf project in NANL(Los Alamos National Laboratory)

  33. II. Monitor Program PMON for MIPS ssmLUG Byungsoo Jung http://alpha.secsm.org

  34. PMON for MIPS

  35. Introduction to the PMON • Made by Phil Bunce for MIPS PROM monitor program • Support the LSI logic MIPS CPU • Support the serial and ethernet • Source code available • http://www.carmel.com/pmon

  36. PMON’s environment • PMON : the general debug monitor • Require about 300KB memory • Support serial and ethernet • SerialICE-1A : with control board • Same as PMON’s function • Require about 1KB memory • SerialICE-1B : no control board • Same as PMON’s function • Support only Windows 9x/NT

  37. PMON’s directory • imon : source code for SerialICE • pmon : source code for PMON • mon : main source code for PMON and SerialICE • lib : C runtime library for PMON and SerialICE • bsps : the drivers and kernels that are need for SerialICE-1. • include : the include files used by this package • examples : example programs for execution under PMON and the SerialICE • tools : tools that are executed on the host

  38. PMON’s usage • Ethernet port • Set the host ip in /etc/hosts as 210.118.74.129 beta • PMON> set etheraddr 08:00:69:03:00:00 • # arp –s beta 08:00:69:03:00:00 • PMON> set hostport ethernet • PMON> load • % tftp beta • tftp> put bubble.bin • tftp> quit • PMON> g • RS232 serial port • % tip –19200 hadwire • % set hostport tty0 • PMON> set dlecho off • PMON> set dlproto none • PMON> load –c “cat bubble.bin” • PMON> g

  39. III. Embedded Linux Kernel ELKS ssmLUG Byungsoo Jung http://alpha.secsm.org

  40. ELKS

  41. Commertial Embedded Linux • Lineo • Embedix • PowerPC, x86 • Close relation with Motorolla • FSMLabs + Synergy • Real Time Linux • VME, CompactPCI • PowerPC, M68K • Transmeta • Crusoe (x86 emulation) • Linux Tobals

  42. ELKS Kernel • Embedded Linux Kernel • 512KB ROM and 1MB RAM • Now, only 16bit x86

  43. ELKS’s Structure • Kernel • i86 8086 boot code in i86 directory • File system • minix: MINIX file system • elksfs: ELKS file system • romfs : ROM file system • Device Driver • serial : serial device driver • parallel : parallel device driver • network : ethernet device driver

  44. ELKS’s directory • 1. arch/ • 2. kernel/ • 3. fs/ • 4. lib/ • 5. scripts/ • 6. include/ • 7. modules/ • 8. Documentation/ • 9. init/ • 10. net/

  45. booting of ELKS • ROM BIOS • Move the first sector to the 0x7c00 in memory • arch/i86/bootsect.S • Move itself to the 0x90000and jump it. • arch/i86/boot/setup.S • System initialize

  46. Thanks a lot!

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