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Causes of Increasing Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in U.S. Lakes

Causes of Increasing Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in U.S. Lakes. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey. PAHs are increasing in urban lakes. Van Metre et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005. Benzo(a)pyrene. Pyrene. Naphthalene.

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Causes of Increasing Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in U.S. Lakes

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  1. Causes of Increasing Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in U.S. Lakes U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

  2. PAHs are increasing in urban lakes Van Metre et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005

  3. Benzo(a)pyrene Pyrene Naphthalene What are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)?

  4. Lake in the Hills, near Chicago In 1975, 11% urban In 2000, 78% urban

  5. Population and PAH in lake sediment Population PAHs

  6. City of Austin measures PAH concentrations greater than 1,500 mg/kg

  7. What could be the source? 1,500 mg/kg in creek sediment • Fresh asphalt 1.5 • Weathered asphalt 3 • Fresh motor oil 4 • Brake particles 16 • Road dust 24 • Tire-wear particles 86 • Diesel engine emissions 102 • Gasoline engine emissions 370 • Used motor oil 440 Pavement Sealcoat Asphalt-based 50 Coal-tar-based 100,000

  8. Used motor oil = Coal-tar sealcoat

  9. Mahler et al., Env. Sci. Technol., 2005

  10. Sealed Parking Lots (mg/kg) 5.2 <13 570 1,3000 3,400 3,200 2.1 3,200 3,000 Unsealed Parking Lots 8.5 Asphalt Coal tar <8.6 24 30 Van Metre et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 2009 47 21 0.83 54 Asphalt Coal tar

  11. What’s causing upward trends in PAHs?

  12. Environmental forensics: PAH “fingerprints”

  13. PAH fingerprints and Lake Anne sediment burning r=0.60 r=0.94 r=0.68

  14. Sources of PAHs to Sediment in Lake Anne Reston, VA Coal-tar sealcoat Vehicles Total PAH Coal burning Wood burning

  15. PAH sources to U.S. urban lakes Coal-tar-based sealcoat Probable effects concentration Van Metre and Mahler, Sci. Total Environ., 2010

  16. Withoutcoal-tar-basedsealcoat, the urban PAH baselineislow Probable effects concentration Five lakes with the highest PAH contribution from coal-tar sealcoat Five lakes with the lowest PAH contribution from coal-tar sealcoat

  17. Biological effects Bommarito et al., 2010, Ecotoxicology Bommarito et al., 2010, Chemosphere Bryer et al., 2009, Environ. Poll. Bryer et al., 2006, Ecotoxicology Scoggins et al., 2006, J. NABS

  18. Photos from Jupiter Images and Corbis Images, Inc.

  19. 23 ground-floor apartments

  20. Median total PAH [mg/kg] n=12 n=11 5.1 129 9.0 4,760 Mahler et al., 2010, Environ. Sci. Technol.

  21. PAHs are increasing in urban lakes nationally √ High PAH concentrations? Use is extensive? Particles are mobile? √ √ Coal-tar-based sealcoat is the largest contributor of PAHs to urban lakes PAHs in house dust are elevated where coal-tar-based sealcoat is used

  22. USGS publications on sealcoat and PAHs in peer-reviewed journals http://tx.usgs.gov/coring/allthingssealcoat.html Barbara Mahler, bjmahler@usgs.gov (512) 927-3566 Peter Van Metre, pcvanmet@usgs.gov (512) 927-3506 Van Metre, P. C.; Mahler, B. J., 2010, Contribution of PAHs from Coal-Tar Pavement Sealcoat and Other Sources to 40 U.S. Lakes. Sci. Total Environ., v. 409, 334-344. Mahler, B. J.; Van Metre, P. C.; Wilson, J. T.; Musgrove, M.; Burbank, T. L.; Ennis, T.; Bashara, T. J., 2010, Coal-tar-based parking lot sealcoat: An unrecognized source of PAH to settled house dust. Environ. Sci. Technol., v. 44, 894-900. Yang, Y., Van Metre, P.C., Mahler, B.J., Wilson, J.T., Ligouis, B., Razzaque, M.M., Schaeffer, D.J., and Werth, C.J., 2010, Influence of coal-tar sealcoat and other carbonaceous materials on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon loading in an urban watershed. Environ. Sci. Technol., v. 44, p. 1217-1223. Van Metre, P. C.; Mahler, B. J.; Wilson, J., 2009, PAHs underfoot: Contaminated dust from sealcoated pavements. Environ. Sci. Technol., v. 43, 20-25. Van Metre, P.C., and Mahler, B.J., 2005, Trends in Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Lake Sediments Across the United States, 1970-2001. Environ. Sci. Technol., v. 39, p. 5567-5574. Mahler, B. J.; Van Metre, P. C.; Bashara, T. J.; Wilson, J. T.; Johns, D. A., 2005, Parking lot sealcoat: An unrecognized source of urban PAHs. Environ. Sci. Technol., v. 39, 5560-5566.

  23. How do some sources compare? Milligrams of PAH in: • One storm on a CT sealed driveway 56 mg (Mahler et al., 2005) • One storm on a CT sealed driveway 174 mg (Watts et al., 2011) • Driving 12,000 miles (tail pipe) 56 mg (Bergvall and Westerholm, 2009) • Driving 23,000 miles (tire wear) 56 mg (Aatmeeyata, 2010) • One storm on an unsealed driveway 0.86 mg (Mahler et al., 2005)

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