The Scarlet Letter

1. The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne

2. “I believe that The Scarlet Letter, like all great novels, enriches our sense of human experience and complicates and humanizes our approach to it.” from Solitude, Love, and Anguish: The Tragic Design of the Scarlet Letter by Seymour L. Gross

3. Historical Context • Boston Colony founded 1630 • John Winthrop (leader) • Puritans wanted to “purify” the Church of England of all traces of Catholicism in liturgy, theology, and church organization • Recognized the Bible as the sole source of religious authority • Maintained a theocracy • Believed in predestination or Doctrine of the Elect • Inflicted public punishments to deter others from straying from righteousness (hanging, whipping, humiliation, etc,)

4. Nathaniel Hawthorne • Hawthorne once said: “I do not want to be a doctor and live by man’s diseases, nor a minister to live by their sins, nor a lawyer and live by their quarrels. So, I don’t see that there is anything left for me but to be an author.”

5. Born July 4, 1804 in Salem, Mass. Reclusive at times Served as a magazine editor Worked in the Salem Custom House Lived at Brook Farm Wrote Twice-Told Tales, The House of Seven Gables, The Scarlet Letter, etc. Married Sophia Peabody and fathered Una (who became the model for Pearl) Served as the United States Consul to Liverpool Died in 1864 Buried in Concord, Massachusetts Great-great-great-great grandfather, John Hathorne, was judge at Salem witch trials About the Author

6. Plot/Setting • The novel is set in the mid 1600s in Boston, Massachusetts. • The plot encompasses a seven year period. • The plot involves the love triangle of wife-lover-husband. • The major theme of the novel is developed in the context of good vs. evil.

7. Point of View • Third-Person Omniscient…Hawthorne reveals the inner and outer workings of the characters and provides social criticism, history, and psychology.

8. Characters • Hester Prynne- wearer of the scarlet letter • Pearl- child of Hester; living symbol of Hester’s sin • Roger Chillingworth- learned scholar; doctor • Arthur Dimmesdale- admired young minister • Governor Bellingham- governor and magistrate of Massachusetts Bay Colony • Rev. John Wilson- senior minister of colony • Mistress Hibbins- Gov. Bellingham’s sister

9. Major Symbol • The scarlet letter itself is the central symbol. It changes meaning for the characters in the novel as Hester’s character changes. The A becomes a pathway to redemption for some characters as well. Watch the many ways Hawthorne uses the scarlet A as a symbol…

10. Edifice Venerable Town beadle Iniquity Ignominious Pillory Preternatural Remonstrance Imperceptible Eminent Peremptory Efficacy Leech Feign Talisman Inscrutable Vocabulary

11. Nonentity Transgressor Magistrate Retribution Orthodox Ethereal Sexton Pestilence Forebode Estrange Necromancer Scourge Insidious Repudiate Sagacious Gesticulation Vocabulary (cont.)

12. The Custom House • Hawthorne claims to have gotten the idea for this novel from the papers of Jonathan Pue. Among the papers, Hawthorne allegedly found an embroidered scarlet A and information on Hester Prynne.

13. The Custom House • Describes the interior/exterior of the Custom House • Describes Hawthorne’s feelings about his native town of Salem • Makes critical comments about the Whig party/ reveals Hawthorne’s involvement as a Democrat • Describes his early attempts to write Hester’s story.