Why you should consider an EV for your next auto purchase…

1. Why you should consider an EV for your next auto purchase… By Mark Preston I will present a bit of history involving the engine and the car, the choices we have for fuel, what the governments think, as well as the outlook and some basic knowledge on electric vehicles.

2. But first, let’s set the record straight about Tesla Motors Model S and recent negative publicity • George Clooney – Got stranded MORE THAN ONCE in his Model S. • Elon Musk is a visionary with revolutionary ideas – STAY TUNED!! • Three Fires – One due to slamming into a brick wall and Two due to road debris • odds are “1 of 8000 vs. 1 of 1300” • AND • “For consumers concerned about fire risk, there should be absolutely zero doubt that it is safer to power a car with a battery than a large tank of highly flammable liquid.” -ElonMusk • “This experience does not in any way make me think that the Tesla Model S is an unsafe car, I would buy another one in a heartbeat.” - Dr. Juris Shibayama, owner of the car that caught fire in Smyrna, Tennessee (The Detroit Bureau) Tesla SuperCharger Vision

3. The Handout • Acronyms • EV – Electric Vehicle • Too many to discuss – See handout • Brief History involving fuel and emission of autos • The first electric vehicle was driven in Des Moines, Iowa in 1891 • In 1894 the first gasoline-powered car was tested in Kokomo, Indiana • A bill In 1975 required car makers to improve fuel efficiency • In 2007 a new standard set a target of 35 mpg for fuel economy by 2016 • Recently that standard changed to 40.3 mpg by 2021 and 48.7 mpg by 2025 • And there are new standards for release of greenhouse gases (GHG)

4. Electric Vehicle Types & Batteries • EVs have a can be divided into two categories • BEV is a Battery Electric Vehicle, no engine under hood, just batteries • PHEV are Plug-in Hybrid & use a gasoline-engine/generator for backup • EVs can currently have two battery types or ESD • Li-ion –Lithium Ion • Used in BEV type • Stored energies of 5-30 kWh in cars • Stored energies in excess of 100 kWh in buses – (see Warren Buffet-BYD) • NiMH –Nickel Metal Hydride • Used in 95% of PHEV type (Toyota Prius) • Stored energies of 1-5 kWh • Priced at $250-$1500 per kWh, Prius pack can cost $600-$3000 depending on options BUT, an ICE and transmission can easily cost this much or more.

5. Some EV Pros & ConsAlternative Fuels Data Center Electric Vehicles • Pros • Electricity is produced locally • Multiple ways to produce electricity • More efficient than gas • Zero to little vehicle emissions • Cons • Increase in demand-on and emissions-from electricity producers • Not enough public charging stations • Need of technologies to produce light-weight, robust batteries • Range constraints! A study by Union of Concerned Scientists revealed that owners of EVs not only reduced emissions, but realized a savings of $750 - $1200 per year in fuel costs. Other fuels available now or in the near future to compare on the handout are: Bio Diesel, Ethanol, Natural Gas, and Hydrogen (Fuel Cell).

6. The Government & EVs • Still a lot of money to be made from oil, however,… • Tax credit incentives up to $7500 on vehicle purchases and battery improvements • EPA grants to improve infrastructure • Over $8000 per 4000 charging points installed totaling a grant of $37M • Also granting $99.8 M to have 14,000 other charging stations to be built to help with infrastructure and monitoring equipment installation

7. Outlook: Data as Reported in USA TodayThese stats stress the importance of finding other ways to commuteThe Charts: The Good, Bad, Ugly, and Ugliest

8. Outlook: Manufacturers, Models & Market • 200% Global growth over next ten years – Mechanical Engineering • 2013 - 38.8M BEV & PHEV valued at $65B • 2023 – 166M valued at $294B • Estimates include scooters, bicycles,& automobiles

9. …the passion for cool cars, loud pipes, turbo-charging, etc. is fading and will be replaced with sleek, quite, and clean emitting vehicles. China – In Focus? Thank you

10. Works Cited Automotive History. (2007, July 5). Retrieved March 25, 2013, from Bentley Historical Library University of Michigan: http://bentley.umich.edu/research/guides/automotive/ Alternative Fuels Data Center. (2013, October 18). Retrieved November 3, 2013, from U.S. Department of Energy: http://www.afdc.energy.gov/ 2013 Hybrid/Electric Buying Guide. (n.d.). Retrieved from Edmunds.com: http://www.edmunds.com/hybrid/2013/buying-guide.html Brown, A. S. (2013, August 1). Forecast for Electric Vehicles. Mechanical Engineering, 135(8), pp. 34-35. Retrieved November 3, 2013, from FLITE http://0-web.ebscohost.com.libcat.ferris.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=6f3c161b-2e80-411f-8f9c-645d6bbf6b40%40sessionmgr110&vid=2&hid=103 Bruno G. Pollet, I. S. (2012, December). Current status of hybrid, battery and fuel cell electric vehicles: From electrochemistry to market prospects. (B. a. Christopher M.A., Ed.) ElectrochimicaActa, 84, 235-249. Dunbar, W. F., & May, G. S. (1995). Michigan A History of the Wolverine State. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Hahn, J. (2012, April 17). Study Demonstrates Economic and Environmental Benefits of Electric Vehicles. California, USA. Retrieved November 4, 2013, from FLITE http://0-www.lexisnexis.com.libcat.ferris.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=sr&csi=8058&sr=HLEAD%28STUDY+DEMONSTRATES+ECONOMIC+AND+ENVIRONMENTAL+BENEFITS+OF+ELECTRIC+VEHICLES%29%2BAND%2BDATE%2BIS%2B2012-04-17 Koch, W. (2013, October 23). 1973 Oil Embargo Lessons Live On. USA Today, p. 4B. Scott B. Peterson, J. J. (2012, October 22). Cost-effectiveness of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery capacity and charging infrastructure investment for reducing US gasoline consumption. Energy Policy, 52(January 2013), 429-438. Retrieved November 3, 2013, from FLITE http://0-www.sciencedirect.com.libcat.ferris.edu/science/article/pii/S0301421512008415