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CULTURE

CULTURE. What is culture?. Refers to a people’s way of life – including how they meet their needs, their language, religion, beliefs, customs, institutions, and technology Institution – organization developed by each society to make social roles clear and to take care of social needs

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CULTURE

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  1. CULTURE

  2. What is culture? • Refers to a people’s way of life – including how they meet their needs, their language, religion, beliefs, customs, institutions, and technology • Institution – organization developed by each society to make social roles clear and to take care of social needs • Examples: Families, School, Governments

  3. Food Shelter Religion Education Security/Protection Language Relationships: Family & others Political & Social Organizations Creative Expression – Art, Music, Dance, etc. Cultural Factors

  4. Special Things about Culture • Geography – Where you live shapes how you live • History – Past experiences shapes expectation for the future • Religion – shapes values • Language – changes as culture changes

  5. Rural/Urban • Rural – traditional, farmers, livestock herders, or village craftsmen, live in huts or small cottages. • Urban – technology, large buildings, sanitation systems, electricity, education, travel.

  6. Social Structure • Upper class: earns or inherits wealth, often are leaders in society • Middle class: educated & successful, managers, professionals, small business owners, • Working class: manual workers: factories, mining, transportation or craftsmen • Peasants: farm workers, or subsistence farmers, little education or world experiences • Lower Class: uneducated & unskilled.

  7. Social Mobility Before Industrial Revolution – 2 main classes, upper & peasants, small middle class. After IR – upper, large middle class, large working class, and small lower class Ability to move: Hindu Caste system: no movement, born to a caste, determines work, friends, etc. Other societies: work hard, save, start a business, sent kids to college, make a better life

  8. Gender Roles • Roles assigned to Men and Women • Changing roles in MDC • LDC – women lack assess to education and opportunity • Where?

  9. Multicultural Societies • Homogeneous societies – most everyone belongs to the same ethnic group, shares the same language, & traditions. • Saudi Arabia & Japan, • Heterogeneous societies – multicultural, mix of people & cultures. • Usually is a dominate group & several minorities • US & Brazil

  10. Special Problems Facing Minorities • Ethnic Prejudice: Dominate group treats minority group as inferior, denies them power to keep them under control. • Discrimination & Exclusion: deny civil & political rights, deny property ownership, or access to public facilities. Intermarriage illegal. • Example: South Africa apartheid • Expulsion & Genocide: Forcing the group to leave or extermination. • Example: Nazi Germany killing Jews, Serbs in Bosnia killing Muslims

  11. Culture Change & Exchange • Innovation – to solve storage needs, some make baskets out of reeds, others made clay pots. • Diffusion – TV and Internet spread ideas today • Acculturation – Wearing jeans all over the world instead of traditional garments.

  12. Language & Identity • Helps establish cultural identity • Builds sense of unity • Leads to Nationalism • Can divide, if more than one language used in a region

  13. Language Families • 3,000-6,500 Languages today • Categorized by families • Today’s languages developed from earlier ones • Versions of a language is called dialects

  14. Language Diffusion • Invented: Trade routes, example Swahili • Blended, example Creole • Migration, colonist

  15. Religion • Monotheistic – belief on 1 god • Polytheistic – belief in many gods • Animistic belief in divine force in nature

  16. Creative Expression • Performing Arts – Dance, music, theater, film • Visual Arts – architecture, painting, sculpture, and textiles • Literature – poems, folk tales, stories

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