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Introduction to Psychology

Introduction to Psychology. Class 22: Social Psychology 2 Myers: 541-554 August 7, 2006. Attitude. A belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people, ideas, and events. So an attitude = cognition + emotion

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Introduction to Psychology

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  1. Introduction to Psychology Class 22: Social Psychology 2 Myers: 541-554 August 7, 2006

  2. Attitude • A belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people, ideas, and events

  3. So an attitude = cognition + emotion • Remember that predisposition + situation = behavior • Also see how attitudes -> behavior -> attitudes

  4. Measurement • Explicit or Overt measures - Self-reports - Bogus pipeline • Implicit or Covert Measures - Non-verbal behavior - Physiology; e.g. Facial EMG, BP - Reaction times; e.g. IAT

  5. Attitude change COGNITIVE CONSISTENCY: No attitude change Marriage - - + Person A Person B Diet Coke + + + Celebrity Viewer

  6. COGNITIVE INCONSISTENCY: Attitude change Marriage - + + Person A Person B Diet Coke - + + Celebrity Viewer

  7. Cognitive dissonance • The effect of counter-attitudinal behavior on original attitude (Leon Festinger) - $1 is “insufficient justification” for a lie (dissonance) - Participants infer that they must have liked the experiment (resolution of dissonance) - In the process, there is attitude change

  8. Routes to Persuasion Degree of elaboration - Motivation (high, low) - Opportunity (high, low) 1) Central (high M, high O) “So that is why he supports the policy in question…” 2) Peripheral (low M, low O) “Hm, he is rather charming…”

  9. Social Influence • Compliance Changes in behavior elicited by direct requests • Obedience Change in behavior produced by commands of authority • Conformity The tendency to change perceptions, opinions, or behavior in ways that are consistent with group norms

  10. Compliance: Robert Cialdini • Foot-in-the-door 2-step technique in which an influencer sets the stage for a real request by first getting a person to comply with a much smaller request • Door-in-the-face 2-step technique in which an influencer prefaces the real request with one so large that it is bound to be rejected

  11. Obedience: Stanley Milgram

  12. Cults and mass suicides • War and violence

  13. Conformity: Solomon Asch

  14. Group Influences • Private vs. public conformity • Information vs. normative influence

  15. Other effects of others on behavior • Social facilitation • Social loafing • Group polarization • Groupthink

  16. Role-Playing: Phil Zimbardo • Stanford Prison Experiment • Ethical issues • Findings

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