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Early development and aging

Early development and aging. I. Embryonic development. A. Cleavage 1. zygote to morula to blastula 2. blastocyst 3. cleavage position and fate 4. the beginning of differentiation 5. accomplishments of cleavage B. Gastrulation 1. the main events 2. 3 germ layers

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Early development and aging

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  1. Early development and aging

  2. I. Embryonic development A. Cleavage 1. zygote to morula to blastula 2. blastocyst 3. cleavage position and fate 4. the beginning of differentiation 5. accomplishments of cleavage B. Gastrulation 1. the main events 2. 3 germ layers a. endoderm b. mesoderm c. ectoderm 3. two great groups of animals C. Neurulation

  3. Day 1: fertilization 10 hours

  4. 1. Cleavage blastula morula Two accomplishments of cleavage

  5. 1. Cleavage

  6. 2. Gastrulation Germ layers ectoderm mesoderm endoderm blastopore

  7. 3. Fate of the germ layers Blastopore?

  8. Two great groups of animals Protostomes: blastopore becomes a mouth Deuterostomes: blastopore becomes an anus

  9. Deuterostomes

  10. Neurulation Neural tube develops from the endoderm

  11. II. HOX genes Evolutionarily conserved gene sequences

  12. III. Theories of aging Genetic clock theory 1. Protein in non dividing cells 2. Telomeres and embryonic cells 3. Diseases of aging: Progeria and Alzheimer’s 4. Organs programmed 5. Genes for aging in fruit flies and mice 6. Ink4 protein Wear and tear theory 1. Errors in DNA replication 2. Accumulation of metabolic garbage 3. Environmental insults Reproductive obsolescence

  13. The new generation Japan, Australia,France, Sweden, Spain, Italy US: 24th Lowest 23: sub- Saharan Africa

  14. The End

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