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*Persuasive Organizational Patterns

*Persuasive Organizational Patterns. *Key Concept. Call to Action In persuasive speeches, you must tell us what to DO

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*Persuasive Organizational Patterns

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  1. *Persuasive Organizational Patterns

  2. *Key Concept • Call to Action • In persuasive speeches, you must tell us what to DO • Become involved in ..., Buy ..., Change ..., Choose ..., Do ..., Donate ..., Establish ..., Join ..., Make ..., Pay ..., Quit ..., Sell ..., Sign ..., Study ..., Support ..., Take ..., Volunteer ..., Vote ...

  3. Pers. Org. Patterns • Types • Cause-Effect • Problem-Cause-Solution • Monroe’s Motivated Sequence • Refutation • Narrative • Comparative Advantage

  4. *Cause-Effect • Cause • Show what causes the problem • Simple or deeper cause • Effect • Show effect/harm of problem • Focus on effects that impact audience • Format • Cause  Effect • Effect  Cause

  5. Cause-Effect Example • Sample Outline: Global Warming • MP 1: Effects of Global Warming • Melting ice caps/higher sea levels • Increase in droughts/flooding • MP 2: Causes of Global Warming • Car/factory CO2 emissions • Coal/oil used for electricity • MP 3: Solutions (Call to Action) • Ethanol/Hybrid/Electric vehicles • Methane/solar power factories/electricity

  6. *Problem-Solution (P-C-S) • Problem • Identify problem • Suggest importance • Show relevance • Cause • Explain cause • Solution • Offer: • 1 solution or • Show possible solutions and select the “best” • Show how/why solution work

  7. Problem-Solution Ex. • Sample Outline: Curing Obesity • MP 1: Childhood Obesity (Problem) • Rapidly increasing numbers of over-weight K-12 students • MP 2: Too Many Sweets (Cause) • Increase in number/access to high-sugar foods • MP 3: Solution (Call to Action) • Remove snack machines from schools • Offer diet sodas/flavored water drinks • Substitute fruit for desserts in cafeteria

  8. *Monroe’s Motivated Sequence • ATTENTION • Get the attention of audience • NEED • Show why it should concern audience • SATISFACTION • Satisfy need. Show how solution works. • VISUALIZATION • Visualize benefits. Tell what's in it for us. • ACTION • Show what to do to implement your plan.

  9. Monroe’s Example • Examples • Lysol • Toyota Camry

  10. Monroe’s Example • Sample Outline: Donate Blood • MP 1: Donations Needed (Attn/Need) • My grandfather’s bladder cancer surgery required several units of blood. • What if there was a shortage? What if it were YOUR grandfather? What could you do? • MP 2: You Can Donate (Sat/Vis) • You can begin donating at 17 years old • Can donate in the gym, miss class, get free cookies/soda/T-shirt, and help save a life • MP 3: How to Donate (Action) • As easy as signing up for drive at WHS • Bring your ID; donate at your scheduled time and you can save someone's family member

  11. *Refutation • Refutation • Purposes: Disprove opposing claim • Steps: • Provide Opposing position • What does OPPONENT want to do? • Pose Implications • What would happen as a result? • Present arguments & evidence for your position • Why would YOUR solution work? • Contrast proposal with opposing claim • Why is YOUR solution better?

  12. Refutation Example • Sample Outline: AIDS in Africa • MP 1: Currently give free condoms • Current programs give out free condoms to reduce HIV transmission (#1) • African men refuse to use them as their culture/traditions oppose their use (#2) • MP 2: Alternative: Education • Educating Africans on how HIV/AIDS is spread will reduce transmission (#3) • MP 3: Free Condoms vs. Education • Education overcomes cultural barriers and is needed BEFORE condoms (#4)

  13. *Narrative • Tells a Story(s) • Characters, setting, plot • Uses examples (stories) to provide “reasons” why one should/not act

  14. Narrative Example • Examples • Anti-smoking ads • Christmas Shoes song • Sample Outline: Drunk Driving • MP 1: Founder of MADD • Cari Lightner – May 3, 1980 • MP 2: Canton Theatre Director • Husband, daughter and son killed • MP 3: Cousin Randy • Multiple DUIs, child endangerment, 6 months in jail

  15. *Comparative Adv. • Comparative Advantage • Audience has previous knowledge of issue/problem • Does not explain problem, cause, etc. • Focus is on comparing solutions • Compare and contrast two or more plans, solutions or alternatives • Show audience which one is best

  16. Comparative Example • Outline: Protect Environment • MP 1: Reduce • Cut down on use of disposable goods (i.e., paper towels, plasticware, etc.) • MP 2: Reuse • Turn plastic bags into garbage bags • Wash and reuse plasticware • MP 3: Recycle* • Sort and recycle plastic, paper and cans • Extends life of raw materials indefinitely • Make money and help environment

  17. Pers. Org. Patterns • Types • Cause-Effect • Problem-Cause-Solution • Monroe’s Motivated Sequence • Refutation • Narrative • Comparative Advantage

  18. Persuasive Organizational Patterns

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