What do you think Einstein meant? Do you agree with him?

1. What do you think Einstein meant? Do you agree with him?

2. Today we will… • Explore the difference between scientific knowledge and religious knowledge • Explain the nature of ‘truth’ in each • Discuss if religion and science are compatible, in conflict or mutually exclusive (co-exist but kept completely separate)

3. Thinking about Science 2. Most scientific theories which were held before the nineteenth century have been proved wrong. What does this say about scientific theories? 1. I only believe in things I can see 3. Science is based on what facts you can see. Who was around to see the start of the universe or the fact we evolved? 4. Life on earth exists because random collections of cells that change (mutate) and has no real purpose 5. Facts are true for ever and do not change Which do you agree with most and why?

4. BLIND VOTE Conflict? OR Compatible? Heads on desks!

5. Compatible? Conflict? Co-exist? “Science and religion are based on different aspects of human experience.In science, explanations must be based on evidence drawn from examining the natural world. Scientifically based observations or experiments that conflict with an explanation eventually must lead to modification or even abandonment of that explanation. Religious faith, in contrast, does not depend only on empirical evidence, is not necessarily modified in the face of conflicting evidence, and typically involves supernatural forces or entities. Because they are not a part of nature, supernatural entities cannot be investigated by science. In this sense, science and religion are separate and address aspects of human understanding in different ways. Attempts to pit science and religion against each other create controversy where none needs to exist.” The National Academy of Science

6. Science or Religion? Explains value and importance Asks WHY Tradition Eternal Truths Hypothesis Explains processes and methods Revelation Observation Empirical Proof/Evidence Tries to explain the nature of things Spiritual Asks HOW Tries to explain the purpose of things Faith Testing

7. Copernicus and Galileo http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/copernicus-and-galileo-the-movement-of-the-earth/5589.html

8. Galileo on trial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTA5vmY30NE

9. Galileo Psalm 104: 5 God set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved. In Galileo’s time the Catholic Church in Italy had a lot of control over the country and its laws. Galileo was put under house arrest for going against the church, when he said that his scientific research caused him to believe that the earth goes around the sun, not the other way around. He was forced to stand before the church and say that he was wrong, and that he was sorry for going against the Bible In 1993 the Catholic Church recognised that Galileo had actually been right. 1 Chronicles 16:30  Tremble before him, all the earth! The world is firmly established; it cannot be moved

10. Scientific Method How does science work?

11. Scientific Method Science is trying to find regularities and patterns in the world. There is something comforting about a world that has order. We perform studies of the world and observe patterns of the events in certain cases. These patterns are then noted down and given to others who find the same pattern of events. When enough people have found that these patterns work for the majority of the time they accept them as scientific fact. We need to know that things in the world act following patterns otherwise we could not build technology etc Therefore Science enables the understanding and prediction of events in the physical world

12. Scientific Method

13. Are there any limits to Science? http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/religion-and-science/451.html

14. What question does this cartoon raise?

15. Religious Method

16. Revealed Knowledge “O Muhammad! You are the Messenger of Allah and I am Jibreel”

17. Compatible? Conflict? Co-exist? Do you agree with Dawkins?

18. Do you agree with the implication we find on the Dawkins bus campaign – dispensing of belief in God means we can ‘stop worrying and enjoy our lives’?

19. Dawkins says ‘there’s no such thing as a Christian child, only a child of Christian parents’.

20. What should be taught in schools? The Butler Act, Tennessee, 1925 "That it shall be unlawful for any teacher in any of the Universities.. and all other public schools of the State which are supported in whole or in part by the public school funds of the State, to teach any theory that denies the Story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals." • Discuss: • What is this law banning? • Do you agree with this law? • Do you think it is a real law?

21. Scopes vs State of Tennessee Trial, 1925 Scopes’ Defence The Prosecution Bryan represented the World Christian Fundamentals Association at the Trial He took to the stand as an expert to defend the Bible. John Scopes was a biology teacher from the small town of Dayton, Tennessee who was charged in 1925 for teaching the children at his school the theory of evolution. His lawyer Darrow was an atheist. Clarence Darrow William Bryan

22. What do you predict was the outcome of the trial? Do you think that the Law was kept? What do you think happened to Scopes? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlKRkz7NM5o

23. The Prosecution “Christians...oppose the teaching of [evolution] that encourages godlessness among the students....Evolution is not true... There is no more reason to believe that man descended from some inferior animal than there is to believe that a stately mansion has descended from a small cottage.................. Evolution is also creating doubt in heaven at the end of life...evolution disputes the truth of the Bible account of man’s creation and shakes faith in the Bible as the Word of God.” Evolution is not the truth; it is merely a hypothesis....it is millions of guesses strung together The Defence The defence pleaded for “freedom of education” and not education controlled by people with one particular religious belief. They said that there was no reason why the teaching of evolution should cause someone to lose faith in God. The defence argued that not everything in the Bible is meant literally. The Bible is not a book of facts but a book of meaning , it tells people how to live their lives and love God not the detail of natures laws. The defence said that humans could still come from God, but through the means of evolution. Evolution could be seen as God’s plan. How did the defence try to win over Christian members of the jury? Do you think that the prosecution understood the theory of evolution?

24. Epperson v. Arkansas (1967) Ms. Epperson, who sings in the choir at her Presbyterian church and brought her Bible along on the trip, said, "The more you learn about science, the more magnificent God is.” "I can look at a rainbow, and I know that white light can hit water droplets and it gets dispersed and the light spreads out and has lots of different colours," she said, "and I also say, 'Thank you, God, for the rainbow.' “ New York Times, 6th October, 2005

26. Plug the gaps in scientific knowledge with religious explanations Scientists have found the matter is made up of atoms “They won’t be able to split the atom. You can’t unmake what God has made” - But they have! Cosmologists know that stars were made by hydrogen collecting under gravity “They’ll never unravel the mystery of “black holes” – That is God’s secret Scientists trace the origins of the universe to a Big Bang “The won’t understand how the Big Bang started. God did that” Amino-acid (the building blocks of life) have been constructed in a laboratory from simple chemicals “Maybe, but they will never be able to make things live. Only God can do that” Do agree that one day there will be ‘no need to invoke the ideas of a Supreme Being’?

27. Compatible? Conflict? Co-exist? "Science and religion are two windows that people look through, trying to understand the big universe outside, trying to understand why we are here.  The two windows give different views, but both look out at the same universe.  Both views are one-sided, neither is complete.  Both leave out essential features of the real world.  And both are worthy of respect."                               Physicist Freeman Dyson “Science investigates religion interprets. Science gives man knowledge which is power religion gives man wisdom which is control.” Martin Luther King “The Bible shows the way to go to heaven, not the way the heavens go” Galileo “Science without religion is lame. Religion without Science is blind” Einstein “Clearly, then, both religion and science are founded on faith — namely, on belief in the existence of something outside the universe, like an unexplained God or an unexplained set of physical laws.” Paul Davies - Taking Science on Faith “One might as well say that conflict arises between men and women only when they stray onto each other’s territories and stir up trouble. Science produces discoveries that challenge long-held beliefs (not only religious ones) based on revelation rather than evidence, and the religious must decide whether to battle or accommodate secular knowledge if it contradicts their teachings.” Author Susan Jacoby

28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMzURpV7iS4

29. HOMEWORK Write a personal response to the Einstein quote Use information from today’s lesson to help