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The Devise Politics of Slavery: Causes, Resistance, and the Civil War

This chapter explores the causes and consequences of the Civil War, including the economic and social differences between the North and South, the debate over state rights vs. federal rights, and the growth of the abolition movement. It also delves into the election of Abraham Lincoln and the secession of the Southern states.

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The Devise Politics of Slavery: Causes, Resistance, and the Civil War

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  1. Section 1: The Devise Politics of Slavery Section 2:Protest, Resistance, and Violence Section 4: Slavery & Secession Chapter 10: The Union in PerilERA 5: Civil War & Reconstruction 1850-1877

  2. I Will Gain an Understanding of: • 5.1: The causes of the Civil War • 5.2: The course and character of the Civil War and its effects on the American people  • 5.3: How various reconstruction plans succeeded or failed

  3. *** 5 Causes of the Civil War (1861-1865)

  4. 1. Economic & Social Differences North vs. South • South-“plantation” economy depends on slave labor. • Agrarian society • North – “Industrial “ economy • Urban society • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUKA8jQQlkk

  5. 2. State Rights vs. Federal Rights • Does the federal government have the right to tell states how to govern themselves? • Slavery – “is a states rights issue, not a moral issue” • South = federal government has no right to intervene

  6. 3. Slave States vs. Non Slave States • Missouri Compromise(1820) – maintains balance of free vs. slave states. Prohibits spread of slavery north of latitude 36 30” • Wilmot Proviso (1846)– bans slavery in all lands acquired From Mexico

  7. 3. Slave States vs. Non Slave States • Compromise of 1850: • 1. California a free state • 2. Utah & New Mexico : people’s vote will decide free or slave • 3.Slave trade abolished in Washington, D.C. • 4. Fugitive Slave Act –any official who does not arrest runaway slaves has to pay fine.

  8. 3.Slave States vs. Non Slave States • Kansas – Nebraska Act 1854 • “Popular Sovereignty” People’s vote to decide if admitted as slave or free • Missouri Compromise overturned!

  9. 3. Slave States vs. Non Slave States (cont’d) • Pro slavery farmers from Missouri moved to Kansas and voted! • Abolitionists/anti slavery residents fought back • Violence erupted • “Bleeding Kansas”

  10. 4. Growth of Abolition Movement • Northerners support abolition movement • John Brown & Harper’s Ferry – (1859) • Wanted to: • Arm slaves • seized arsenal in Virginia • was captured, & hanged for treason

  11. 4. Growth of Abolition Movement (CONT’D) • Harriet Beecher Stowe writes “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” • “the book that made this great war”, A. Lincoln • humanizes slaves • Brought evils of slavery to attention of Americans • strong emotional appeal • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFfMPCfKqGg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijFy4RjYGbQ

  12. 4. Growth of Abolition Movement (Cnt’d) • Dred Scott Case 1857: • a slave lived in Missouri (slave state) • Master moved to free state (Illinois) • Scott sued for freedom after master’s death

  13. 4. Growth of Abolition Movement (Cnt’d) • Dred Scott vs. Sanford • If a master moves to a free state, are his slaves now free? • Court decision:all African Americans are not citizens, making them ineligible to sue in federal court

  14. 5. Abraham Lincoln

  15. 5. Abraham Lincoln • 1860 Presidential Election • Lincoln (Rep) vs. John Breckinridge (Dem) • Lincoln earned 40% of popular vote • 180 electoral votes vs. Breckinridge’s 72 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L80_q2tPveo

  16. 5. Abraham Lincoln (Cnt’d) • Lincoln’s Presidential Platform: • 1. Non extension of slavery • 2. Rights for immigrants • 3. Transcontinental Railroad • 4. Federally financed infrastructure in the west • 5. Free homesteads for citizens

  17. 5. Abraham Lincoln (Cnt’d) • Southern States threatened to leave if Lincoln won… • Dec 20th, 1860 – 4 days after election- • South Carolina seceded (broke away)… • Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas followed

  18. 5. Abraham Lincoln (Cnt’d) • Feb. 1861 the “rebel” south formed Confederate States of America • Named Jefferson Davis as their President

  19. *** Slavery & Southern Society

  20. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin (1793) • Machine removed seeds from cotton faster • “King Cotton” became #1 cash crop south • Demand for slaves increased : from 1 million to 4 million in 50 yrs.

  21. “King Cotton” • The American south produced more than ½ of the world’s entire supply of cotton! • Northernmills converted cotton into fabric

  22. Slave Life

  23. Slaveholders: Statistics • By 1860… • 12% owned twenty or more slaves • 1% owned 100 or more slaves • “Large slaveholders a minority within a majority”

  24. Southern Social Pyramid • 1. Planter Aristocracy – • over 100 slaves & 1,000 acres of land (1% of population) • 2. Farmers –less than 20 slaves, hundred acres of land • 3. Yeoman –Small farmers did not own slaves • 4. “White Trash” – owned no land. Poor whites. • 5. African Slaves

  25. The Abolitionists - PBS • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcYivpmTYBM • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMd5G4RpFLk • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MILN_17KH6M

  26. Section 1: the Civil War Begins Section 2: the Politics of War Section 3: Life During Wartime Section 4: The North Takes Charge CHAPTER 11: Civil War 1861-1865

  27. Taking Sides… • North • Union Army • President Lincoln • Includes Border states: Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky (slave states) • South • Confederate Army • President Jefferson Davis

  28. First shots fired April, 1861 • at Fort Sumter • Charleston, South Carolina

  29. Southern Advantages • “defensive war” • 1. Fought on their territory • 2. Highly trained generals • 3.Acess to Waterways

  30. Southern Disadvantages • 1. Less population • 2. Less Resources • 3. Limited means of transportation & Infrastructure • 4. Lack of Money

  31. Northern Advantages • 1. Bigger Population • 2. Controlled Banks, railroads, factories, • 3. More $

  32. Northern Disadvantages • “offensive war” • 1. Required movement of troops, supplies • 2. Required more men • 3. Military schools in the South

  33. Civil War Letters • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMzSibpHPfQ

  34. African American Soldiers • Joined Union army • Received less pay, supplies, uniforms • African American Soldiers received $7 • White Soldiers received $13

  35. 54th Massachusetts • 54th Massachusetts African American Regiment • Recognized for courage • Depicted in film “Glory” • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmo_PhSftuc

  36. 54th Massachusetts • Colonel Robert Shaw • Led African American regiment • Fought for equal pay for African American troops • Famous Battle: Battery Wagner, SC • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Nbbi16tvYA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7qwqVbZSqE

  37. Latinos in the Civil War Between 10,000-20,000 Latinos participated in the Civil War Some fought for the North, some for the South Spanish, Mexican, Cuban

  38. Latinos in the Civil War

  39. New Civil War Technology • 1. Repeating Rifle • 2. Multi-barreled Gatling gun (early machine gun) • 3. photography • 4. “Ironclad” ships

  40. ** CIVIL WAR BATTLES…

  41. 1. 1st Battle of Bull Run • July, 1861 • 1st major battle • Confederacy led by • General “Stonewall” Jackson • South Won

  42. 2. Battle of the Ironclads • March, 1862 • “Ironclads” -Armored warships • Merrimac (Confederacy) vs. Monitor (Union)

  43. 3. Antietam Creek • Sept., 1862 • Bloodiest Battle • 24,000 men dead Or wounded • North won (turning point)

  44. 3. Antietam Creek • Turning Point… • North finally won an important “victory”

  45. Emancipation Proclamation “…all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are, and henceforward shall be free." Jan. 1863

  46. Limitations to Emancipation Proclamation • 1. Applied only to states that seceded, not to loyal border states • 2. Did not immediately free slaves • 3. Freedom depended on military victory

  47. 4. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania • Most important battle • July, 1863 • 53,000 men wounded / killed • North won • Confederates did not win any battles after this.

  48. Gettysburg Address • Nov. 1863 • Cemetery dedication At Gettysburg • Lincoln delivered memorable speech • “Gettysburg Address”

  49. Gettysburg Address • "Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation: conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war. . .testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated. . . can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

  50. Gettysburg Address • But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate. . .we cannot consecrate. . . we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us. . .that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion. . . that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain. . . that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom. . . and that government of the people. . .by the people. . .for the people. . . shall not perish from the earth. "

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