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Population Ecology

organism. population. community. ecosystem. biosphere. Population Ecology. Life takes place in populations. Population group of individuals of same species in same area at same time. rely on same resources interact interbreed.

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Population Ecology

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  1. organism population community ecosystem biosphere Population Ecology

  2. Life takes place in populations • Population • group of individuals of same species in same area at same time • rely on same resources • interact • interbreed Population Ecology: What factors affect a population?

  3. Why Population Ecology? • Scientific goal • understanding the factors that influence the size of populations • general principles • specific cases • Practical goal • management of populations • increase population size • endangered species • decrease population size • pests • maintain population size • fisheries management • maintain & maximize sustained yield

  4. Factors that affect Population Size • Abiotic factors • sunlight & temperature • precipitation / water • soil / nutrients • Biotic factors • other living organisms • prey (food) • competitors • predators, parasites, disease • Intrinsic factors • adaptations

  5. 1970 1966 1960 1964 1965 1943 1951 1961 Equator 1958 1937 1956 Immigration from Africa ~1900 1970 Characterizing a Population • Describing a population • population range • pattern of spacing • density • size of population range density

  6. Population Range • Geographical limitations • abiotic & biotic factors • temperature, rainfall, food, predators, etc. • habitat adaptations topolar biome adaptations torainforest biome

  7. aspen oak, maple sequoia white birch 15,000 years ago glacial period Present Alpine tundra Alpine tundra Spruce-fir forests 3 km Mixed conifer forest Spruce-fir forests Woodlands 2 km Elevation (km) Mixed conifer forest Grassland, chaparral, and desert scrub 1 km Woodlands Grassland, chaparral, and desert scrub 0 km Changes in range • Range expansions & contractions • changing environment result of competition

  8. Devil’s hole pupfish Iiwi Hawaiian bird Iriomote cat Socorro isopod New Guinea tree kangaroo Catalina Island mahogany tree Northern white rhinoceros At risk populations • Endangered species • limitations to range / habitat • places species at risk

  9. Population Spacing • Dispersal patterns within a population Provides insight into the environmental associations & social interactions of individuals in population clumped random uniform

  10. Clumped Pattern (most common)

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